In the process of spent fuel dry storage, which is an intermediate management method, it was found that hydrides in the circumferential direction rearranged into radial hydrides. Various factors, such as hoop stress, peak temperature, cooling rate during the storage period, and hydrogen concentration accumulated during the burnup process, significantly affect the susceptibility of spent fuel cladding. In recent studies based on the hydrogen solubility value of about 210 ppm corresponding to the peak temperature of 400°C, if the threshold stress decreases as the hydrogen concentration increases in the low hydrogen range under 210 ppm, the threshold stress increases as the hydrogen concentration increases in the low hydrogen range under 210 ppm. The fundamental cause of this trend is the diffusion of hydrogen into the high-stress region due to the stress gradient formed in the specimen, and hydrogen compounds which remain undissolved in the circumferential direction, even at the peak temperature, play a crucial role to determine the magnitude of the threshold stress. This study evaluated the behavior of hydride reorientation under various hoop stress conditions (70, 80, 90, and 110 MPa) using unirradiated Zircaloy-4(CWSRA) cladding tubes under long-term cooling conditions (3, 6, and 12 months). The results of analyzing the offset strain by hydrogen concentration for long-term cooling showed that specimens with low hydrogen concentration exhibited higher integrity than specimens with high hydrogen concentration at hoop stresses of 90 and 110 MPa. The HR test using irradiated fuel cladding showed that specimens with low hydrogen concentrations exhibited relatively higher susceptibility. To quantify these results, it is necessary to research further in detail by repeated tests.

Odor is a type of sensory pollution that can stimulate the human sense of smell when it occurs, causing discomfort and making it difficult to create a pleasant environment. For this reason, there is a high possibility of complaints regarding odors if odors occur in pigsties near residential properties, and the number of such complaints is also increasing. In addition, odors emanating from pigsties around military installations can cause physical and psychological harm, not only to the soldiers living in these type of facilities but also to the families belonging to military personnel living there as well. Because the concentration of odors varies due to diverse factors such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and interaction between causative materials, predicting odors based on only one factor is not proper or appropriate. Therefore, in this work, we sought to construct models that are based on several regression techniques of machine learning using data collected in field. And we selected and utilized the model that has the highest-accuracy in order to notify and warn residents of odors in advance. In this work, 3672 data items were used to train and test the model. The several machine learning algorithms to build the models are polynomial regression, ridge regression, K-nearest neighbor regression (KNN Regression), and random forest. Comparing the performance of models based on each algorithm, the study found that KNN Regression was the most suitable model, and the result obtained from KNN regression was significant.

본 연구의 목적은 강제환기가 적용되는 슬러리 돈사를 대상으로 돼지 생육 단계별 돈방 유형 측면과 계절적 조건에 따른 암모니아와 황화수소의 실내 농도를 측정 분석하여 정량화하는 데 있다. 임신/분만 돈방의 경우 봄철은 5.60(±2.48) ppm과 178.4(±204.8) ppb, 여름철은 2.51(±3.08) ppm과 86.6(±112.5) ppb, 가을철은 4.96(±2.84) ppm과 182.3(±242.6) ppb, 겨울철은 6.82(±3.42) ppm과 206.3(±356.8) ppb로, 자돈방의 경우 봄철은 7.18(±3.26) ppm과 486.0(±190.2) ppb, 여름철은 4.23(±2.95) ppm과 206.4(±186.9) ppb, 가을철은 7.02(±2.65) ppm과 465.4(±156.8) ppb, 겨울철 은 9.25(±3.68) ppm과 618.4(±298.3) ppb로, 육성/비육 돈방의 경우 봄철은 9.26(±3.02) ppm과 604.4(±186.8) ppb, 여름철은 6.78(±3.88) ppm과 312.5(±215.4) ppb, 가을철은 9.34(±2.14) ppm과 578.2(±248.1) ppb, 겨울철은 14.65(±3.15) ppm과 825.3(±316.9) ppb로 분석되었다. 측정 결과 암모니아와 황화수소 모두 돼지 생육 단계별 돈사 유형 측면에서는 육성/비육 돈사>자돈사>임신/분만 돈사의 순서로 나타났고(p<0.05), 계절적 측면에서는 겨울>봄>가을>여름 순서로 조사되었으나 봄철과 가을철 데이터 간의 차이는 통계적으로 입증되지 않았다(p>0.05).

The purpose of this study is to estimate concentration and emission unit of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released from domestic chicken buildings by field investigation. Mean concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from chicken buildings were 18.25(±4.78)ppm and 807.53(±526.17)ppb for caged layer house, 14.48(±4.13)ppm and 644.82(±312.48)ppb for broiler house, and 6.16(±2.02)ppm and 284.75(±232.08)ppb for layer house with manure belt, respectively. Mean emission coefficients of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 0.951(±0.131) g hen^-1h^-1 and 2.956(±0.968) mg hen^-1h^-1 based on head whereas they were 0.575(±0.082) g m^-2h^-1 and 12.44(±3.536) mg m^-2h^-1 based on time. In conclusion indoor concentration and emission coefficient of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were highest in caged layer housed, followed by broiler house and layer house with manure belt.

본 연구에서는 음식물 쓰레기를 기질로 하여 수소생산을 수행하였을 때 중금속(구리)의 농도에 따른 수소생산 효율과 반응 조건, 수소생산에 기여하는 미생물 군집 분포의 변화를 살펴보고자 한다. 회분식 반응기가 사용된 이번 실험에서는 sucrose 1%(v/v)와 음식물 쓰레기가 탄소원으로 사용되었으며, 혐기성 조건을 충족하기 위하여 N2가스로 반응기 내를 10분간 purging한 뒤, 이를 완전 밀폐 시켰으며, 교반 속도와 실험 온도는 각각 200 rpm, 30±3℃로 유지되었다. 본 연구에서 수소생산은 실험 후 약 30-90시간 후 종료되는 것으로 나타났다. 수소생산의 yield값은 Cu 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm에서 각각 5.3016, 6.6363, 28.9388, 4.9398㎖ H2/g COD로 나타났다. 수소가스 발생량(Ph)과 최대 수소 생산률(Rh)은 Table 1에 나타내었다. 중금속의 농도에 따라 수소생산량을 비교해 보았을 때 Cu 5ppm>10ppm>1ppm>0.5ppm의 순서로 수소생산량이 많이 발생되었으며, 이는 약간의 중금속은 미생물의 성장에 촉진작용을 일으켜 수소생산을 활발하게 하는 것으로 판단되어지며, 일정 농도 이상으로 중금속의 농도가 높아지면 수소생산에 저해가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실험의 여건 상 5, 10ppm실험시기 보다 0.5, 1pmm농도의 실험시기의 온도가 약 3℃ 낮았던 것으로 보아 온도의 영향이 수소생산에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 16S rDNA의 PCR-DGGE결과 음식물 쓰레기의 수소생산량과 비교하여 적은 수소를 생산한 중금속 첨가 반응액에서 발견된 Band 6과 7은 Lactococcus속으로 규명되었다. 이는 위 미생물들이 Clostridium속의 수소생산 활동을 저해시키는 역할로 작용했다고 판단된다.

Odor from sewage treatment plants have the potential to cause significant annoyance and to impact the amenity. In this study, odor emission characteristics at unit process of 48 sewage treatment facilities in 39 plants were evaluated using composite odor concentration and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration. The values of composite odor concentration (geometry mean) and H2S concentration (median) for sludge treatment processes are higher than those for the other treatment processes. The composite odor concentration and H2S concentration are distributed over a wide area in each process. Composite odor concentration (dilution ratio) was found to have the significant correlation with H2S concentration (p=0.000<0.05). The H2S concentration accounted for 67.1% of composite odor concentration.