The objective of this study was to establish the optimal conditions for hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test to assess the functional integrity of the membranes of boar fresh or frozen/thawed spermatozoa. When pooled semen sample was incubated for 30 min at 37℃ with different test solution of varied osmolarity, the highest percentage of HOS positive spermatozoa was observed in a 150 mOsmol fructose/Na-citrate solution (33.6%). Incubation time did not affect significantly the score of HOS positive spermatozoa observed in a 150 mOsmol fructose/Na-citrate solution at 37℃, but the osmolarity affected the score of HOS positive spermatozoa under the same condition above. Fresh semen was significantly better than frozen/thawed semen in semen parameters evaluated such as motility, viability, membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). In the relationships of sperm parameters, motility vs viability, motility vs membrane integrity and viability vs membrane integrity were positively correlated (0.82～0.94) but lipid peroxidation vs other estimated factors was negatively correlated (－0.90～－0.98). Among the evaluation methods, motility vs viability, motility vs membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation vs other estimated factors were significantly correlated (p<0.05). These results of this study indicate that the optimal condition of HOST in boar spermatozoa is a 150 mOsmol fructose/Na-citrate solution for 30 min incubation at 37℃ and HOST can substitute the examination of motility, viability and lipid peroxidation.

Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) is used for evaluating the plasma membrane function and fertilizing ability in mammal spermatozoa. However, HOS solutions and experimental conditions have not been determined clearly for assessing canine spermatozoa. This study was conducted to examine the HOS solutions and assay conditions, including incubation time (30 to 120 min), storage temperature (4, 17 and 20℃), semen status (fresh and frozen). Maximum spermatozoal plasma membrane swelling was obtained in an 150 mOsm Na-citrate/Fructose solutions with an incubation time for 45 min. The storage temperature and semen status affected the percentage of HOS positive spermatozoa. The HOS test adapted to canine spermatozoa in this study was simple and highly consistent assay with good repeatability. The optimal condition of HOST in canine spermatozoa is an 150 mOsm Na-citrate/Fructose solutions with an incubation time for 45 min regardless of semen storage temperature and semen status.

막 여과는 막을 통해 물을 통과시켜 수중의 오염 물질이나 불순물을 제거하는 기술이며 고도수처리 및 하수 처리와 같은 다양한 분야에서 사용된다. 하지만, 우발적인 수질 오염이나 막 손상의 경우에는 대응하기 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 여과 과정을 거친 후 식수의 오염을 막기 위해 막의 손상을 모니터링 해야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 압전 센서를 사용하여 고주파 기반 전기역학적 임피던스(EMI)를 측정하여 막 완결성 시험을 수행하였다. 외부 배관에 부착된 압전 센서는 배관 내부 압력 변화로 인한 막의 물리적 특성의 변화를 검출 할 수 있다. 압력 감쇠 시험을 진행하는 동안, 부착된 압전 센서를 통해 EMI 를 측정함으로써 막 손상으로 인한 압력 강하를 측정 할 수 있다. 본 기술을 검증하기 위하여 실제 수원지에서 현장 테스트가 수행되었다. 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 각 측정 단계에서 20 회 실험을 수행 하였고 그 결과, 미세한 압력 강하를 검출함으로써 막의 손상을 모니터링 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.