This study develops a generative AI-based system for automatically generating scholarly topic descriptions within the OpenAlex database and evaluates its performance. Although OpenAlex provides concise topic descriptions, they lack contextual richness and informational coverage, limiting researchers’ ability to quickly grasp the semantic relevance of each topic. To address this issue, this study generated new descriptions for a total of 4,516 topics by utilizing metadata attributes—topic_id, topic_name, description, and keywords—and compared them with the original descriptions. Multiple large language models (LLMs), including GPT, LLaMA, and Mistral, were employed, and a consistent prompt-engineering scheme was designed to ensure the reproducibility of model comparison. A standardized evaluation framework integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators was proposed. Quantitative evaluation included keyword-based Precision, Recall, and F1 scores, ROUGE-L, Specter2 embedding-based cosine similarity, and BERTScore. Qualitative evaluation was conducted using LLM-based pairwise comparison, assessing Relevance, Coverage, and Clarity, with relative rankings determined through the Elo rating system. Furthermore, the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied to verify statistical significance. Experimental results revealed distinctive strengths and weaknesses across models, providing a benchmarking foundation for improving automated content generation in scholarly databases such as OpenAlex. The proposed evaluation framework also offers a reproducible and consistent basis for assessing various generative models, contributing to both academic research and practical system development.

The bullwhip effect is known as the significant factor which causes unnecessary inventory, lost sales or cost increase in supply chains. Therefore, the causes of the bullwhip effect must be examined and removed. In this paper, we develop two analytical to

요크셔종과 버크셔종 교배 실험 집단을 활용하여 양적형질 유전자좌 (QTL)의 발현 특성 관련 유전 양식을 조사하였다. 총 512두의 F 자손이 F간의 65교배 조합으로부터 생산되었으며 표현형 조사 기록은 일당증제량(ADG), 평균 등지방 두께(ABF), 10번째 등뼈 부위 등지방 두께(TRF) 및 등심단면적(LEA), 최후 척추부위 등지방 두께 (LRF)였다. 125종의 유전자 표지 (microsatellite)에 대한 3세대 개체별 유전자형이 분석되었