As high-speed trains operate on both high-speed and conventional lines, wheel-rail interface characteristics have become increasingly important for effective wheel-rail wear management and operational safety. This study compared and analyzed interface characteristics for various combinations of wheels used in high-speed vehicles with various rail configurations, including UIC, KS50, and KS60, to determine the optimal combination. The results were calculated and analyzed for rolling radius differences, equivalent conicity, and wheel-rail contact area characteristics in response to lateral axle displacement. Changes in equivalent conicity and wheel-rail contact area as wear progressed were also analyzed.