The increasing emergence of wildlife-origin infectious diseases poses a growing threat to both public health and ecological stability. The One Health approach offers a comprehensive framework that recognizes the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental health, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies in disease prevention. This review explores the role of wildlife rescue centers as strategic frontline platforms in a broader surveillance system. These centers, by systematically collecting and accumulating baseline health data from rescued wildlife, can contribute to the construction of a big data-driven monitoring network. Such a network not only enables early detection of pathogens but also supports long-term health monitoring of wildlife populations. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the conservation of endangered species, as many of these animals are frequently admitted to rescue centers due to disease or injury. We propose a comprehensive surveillance strategy that leverages the potential of data generated by wildlife rescue centers to enhance early warning systems, inform biosecurity policies, and strengthen ecosystem resilience. Ultimately, integrated disease monitoring will improve our capacity to detect, predict, and prevent infectious threats while safeguarding both biodiversity and public health. Furthermore, rescue centers play a pivotal role in collaborative research, public health preparation, and policy development, serving as essential hubs within the national disease control system.