The purpose of this study was to optimize the design of asphalt concrete pavements for Jeju Island by considering the regional characteristics of the island. This study employed an MEPDG program to determine the allowable traffic loads for class 4 vehicles by considering the axle loads, climate, and material properties. Samples of basalt asphalt concrete from Jeju were used to measure the dynamic modulus for material property estimation. The climate input was based on 30-year climate data from Jeju. The thicknesses and moduli of the subgrade, subbase, and asphalt layers were incorporated into the design. The regression-analysis program SPSS was used to develop a regression equation for the overlay design, factoring in the modulus and thickness ratios between the existing and overlay asphalt layers. A pavement-thickness design formula tailored to Jeju's characteristics was derived. An equivalent single-axle load factor (ESALF) formula was developed to facilitate traffic-load estimation for different roads, enabling the easy incorporation of varying traffic volumes into the design. The ESALF formula demonstrated a high correlation with the pavement thickness, subgrade conditions, and axle loads, whereas the pavementthickness design formula exhibited strong correlations with the pavement thickness, subgrade state, thickness ratios, and modulus ratios. The use of basalt aggregates in asphalt concrete pavements provides an economically viable and technically sound solution for Jeju. The proposed design methodology not only reduces costs but also enhances pavement performance and road safety. The developed formulas offer flexibility in adjusting designs based on specific traffic conditions, providing optimal pavement solutions for different road categories.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of weight training on physical self-concept among middle aged women by using a mixed research methods including a single case study design and qualitative study. Methods: A total of 8 middle-aged women from new members of the K fitness center in Incheon participated in the 17 weeks study. The study was structured 2 weeks baseline session, 12 weeks of weight training with observed changes through physical self-description questionnaire (PSDQ; Kim, 2001) and 3 weeks withdrawal session. Results: 12 weeks weight training intervention significantly improved factors of physical self-concept among the participants. Weight training was effective not only in strength and flexibility, but also in sports confidence, physical activity, and endurance. The following is the result of analyzing perceptual changes of the process of physical self-concept change after the in-depth interview with the participants of the weight training. Conclusion: Weight training effectively improved middle-aged women’s physical self-concept including perceptions of health and body, sport confidence, physical fitness and general physical status.