In a bi-fuel engine using gasoline and LPG fuel, with the current ignition timing for gasoline being used, the optimum performance could not be taken in LPG fuel supply mode. The ignition timing in LPG fuel mode must be advanced much more than that of gasoline mode for the compensation of its higher ignition temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the ignition spark timing conversion influences the engine performance of LPG/Gasoline Bi-Fuel engine. In order to investigate the engine performance during combustion, engine performance are sampled by data acquisition system, for example cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate and heat release rate, while change of the rpm(1500, 2000, 2500) and the ignition timing advance(5°, 10°, 15°, 20°). As the result, between 1500rpm, 2000rpm and 2500rpm, the cylinder pressure and pressure rise rate was increased when the spark ignition was advanced but pressure rise rate at 20° was smaller value.

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave 96~99% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of 70℃, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.

미세조류로부터 지질을 추출하고 바이오디젤로 전환하는 대체연료 생산 공정은 미세조류의 높은 성장속도, 바이오매스 생산에 사용되는 부지면적 확보의 경제성, 높은 지질함량, 그리고 배양 중 이산화탄소 흡수능력 등 다양한 장점을 갖는다. 하지만 지질 추출 이후 미세조류 찌꺼기는 해당 공정으로부터 불가피하게 발생되는 폐기물로서, 폐기물의 처리와 탄소원의 최대 활용 측면에서 적절한 처리 방법이 고려되어야 한다. 수열탄화는 일반적으로 유기성물질을 높은 온도(180-350℃)와 온도 상승에 따른 압력변화 조건(2-10 MPa)에서 열화학적분해 과정을 통해 차(Char) 형태의 고형물로 변환시키는 공정을 말한다. 수열탄화를 거쳐 생성된 차는 탄화과정을 통해 바이오매스 내부의 결합수가 제거되고 고정탄소의 비율이 증가됨에 따라 고형연료로서 활용 가치를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 바이오디젤 생산 공정에서 발생되는 지질 추출 미세조류를 250℃ 이하의 온도(180, 200, 220, 240℃)에서 수열탄화 방법으로 탄화하여 차를 생산하였다. 생산된 차는 열중량분석(TGA, Thermogravimetric analysis)을 실시함으로써 연소형태를 통한 연료특성 개선효과를 평가하였다. 이와 함께 적외분광 분석 (FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry)을 실시하고 수열탄화 처리에 따른 차 생성물 내 작용기의 변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과 180과 200℃ 처리온도 조건에서 수열탄화를 실시한 경우 탈수능의 향상과 고정탄소의 상대적인 함량 증가에 따른 착화온도 상승효과가 관찰되었다. 반면 이를 초과하는 처리온도(220, 240℃)에서는 고정탄소 함량 감소와 휘발분 함량 증가로 인해 착화온도가 낮아지는 것이 관찰되었는데, 비교적 고온의 처리온도에서 재중합반응을 통한 휘발성 저분자 물질의 생성에 기인하는 결과로 판단된다. FTIR 분석 결과에서도 180과 200℃의 처리온도에서 수산화기(-OH)의 탈락으로 인한 탈수반응과 석탄화도 향상에 따른 고형연료로서의 특성 개선이 관찰되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 지질 추출 미세조류의 특정 온도범위(180-200℃) 내에서 수열탄화를 통한 처리 시 생산되는 차는 연료특성 측면에서 고형연료로서의 활용 가치가 개선될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In recent years, waste-to-energy conversion using municipal solid waste (MSW) has been gaining attention in municipalities. Such conversion can reduce the dependency of non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels by generating solid refuse fuel (SRF) and diverting landfilling of the waste, although there is debate over the efficiency and economic aspect of the practice. With a growing interest in the conversion, D city is trying to adopt all possible measures towards achieving a material-cycle society by constructing a waste-to-energy town by 2018. The waste-to-energy town will be comprised of energy recovery facilities such as a mechanical treatment facility for fluff-type SRF with a power generation plant, and anaerobic digestion of food waste for biogas recovery. In this paper, we focus on estimating the energy recovery potentials and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of MSW by waste-to-energy conversion under three different scenarios. The data required for this study were obtained from available national statistics and reports, a literature review, and interviews with local authorities and industry experts. The lower heating value was calculated using the modified Dulong equation. Based on the results of this study, the energy recovery potential of MSW was calculated to be approximately 14,201-51,122 TOE/y, 12,426-44,732 TOE/y, and 8,520-30,673 TOE/y for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The reduction of GHG by such conversion was estimated to range from 10,074-36,938 tonCO2eq/y, depending on scenario. This study would help determine the production rate of fluff-type SRF to be converted into a form of energy. In addition, this study would aid waste management decision-makers to clarify the effectiveness of recycling of MSW and their corresponding energy recovery potentials, as well as to understand GHG reduction by the conversion.

This study analyzed the effect of Greenhouse of wood pellet fuel conversing from Diesel. Analyzed through a life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide for the environmental assessment, In evaluation of the Ministry of the Environment, analyzed through the life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide emissions of the greenhouse gas and, In the case of economic evaluation, we analyzed the investment payback period to the total revenue generated by each of the calculated incentive based on the RHI and institutions reduction projects a reduction of costs associated with the reduction of fuel costs.