For a long time, China's commercial banks have mainly carried out traditional businesses such as deposits and loans. At this stage, China's economic environment has undergone major changes. The commercial banks that manage traditional businesses can obtain less and less income, and the development space is gradually shrinking. The financial reform has been comprehensively promoted, the economic environment has become more and more open, and the rising of foreign banks and private banks has made the competition faced by commercial banks in China more fierce. The traditional business model of commercial banks has been greatly challenged and risk. In China, rural commercial banks mainly serve farmers. Their main business is extensive and involves agricultural issues. Unlike other banks, rural commercial banks are the main force for financial support for agricultural development. Therefore, the management of rural commercial banks is particularly important. On this basis, this paper selects Heze Rural Commercial Bank as the research object, analyzes the existing operational risks, and proposes effective improvement measures and suggestions.