RNA interference (RNAi) technology based on feeding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been employed for the control of insect pests. In general, strong lethal effects have been observed when feeding RNAi is applied to chewing insects. However, the efficacy of feeding RNAi for sap-sucking insects has not been reported to be limited most likely due to the reduced rate of dsRNA translocation into the plant sap. In this experiment, therefore, we tested whether the long-hairpin RNA (lhRNA) structure, which mimics the viroid, can improve its translocation within plant tissues, thereby increasing lethality of target gene, when compared with dsRNA structure. Either lhRNA of dsRNA structure (75 ng/ul) of vacuolar ATP synthase subunit A (V-ATPase) gene was delivered via rice seedling to Nilaparvata lugens, which is one of the major sucking insects on rice, and mortality was measured until 60 h post-treatment. Treatment of the lhRNA and dsRNA of V-ATPase gene caused increased mortality over time compared with eGFP-treated control, reaching the maximum level at 48 h post-treatment, and the mortality was significantly higher in lhRNA treatment than in dsRNA treatment. Gene silencing of target gene was confirmed at 24 h and 48 h post-treatment. In summary, treatment of lhRNA resulted in significantly higher mortalities than that of dsRNA, suggesting that delivery of lhRNA has an apparent advantage over dsRNA in exerting RNAi-induced lethality.