Despite being one of the world's largest coffee exporters, Indonesia's coffee output for the international market has recently been dropping. Smallholder coffee growers and their cooperatives faced production challenges due to a lack of market demand knowledge, financial assistance, cultivation and processing equipment, and business practice expertise, according to a case study investigation of these groups. The research then conducted a quantitative survey of 84 international customers from 29 countries and enhanced it by speaking with ambassadors of the Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre in nine different nations. These global players' insights produce helpful information, such as product details, pricing ranges, and quality standards. The results show that for smallholder farmers and cooperatives to fulfil the demands of the global market, relevant commercial actors must assist them. As a result, this study creates a model of the coffee value chain that demonstrates how market demand data motivates cooperatives and smallholder coffee farmers to increase coffee output in a diverse business environment. Marketing might contribute to smallholder farmers' and cooperatives' economic prosperity and well-being by using varied insights from foreign consumers.

In Laos, smallholder cattle farmers rely primarily on natural grassland grazing, which needs to be improved for fattening. Notably, most cattle prices are determined by the middleman, by looking, so buyers tend to undervalue their price, which makes cattle farming a minimal investment. Urea-Molasses Block (UMB) supplements can effectively enhance a nutrient diet in low-quality roughage systems. This study aimed to determine factors affecting UMB and farmers’ Willing To Pay (WTP) for UMB as a new input material with data from six villages, two districts of the Vientiane Capital, in January and July 2019. The results indicate that farmers with relatively high education, consent to the positive effect of UMB, and previous experience purchasing feed during the dry season are more likely to pay a high positive WTP. The average WTP for UMB ranges from USD 5.7 to 6.5 per month for one cattle, which is approximately 10.2~11.6% of current annual costs for average smallholder cattle farmers. These findings will be significant in improving productivity at the initial development stage of farms in Laos, especially for smallholder farmers.

Enhancing income for small-scale farmers in developing countries, is one of the major concerns for governments and many stakeholders. This is attributed by the fact that, a majority of smallscale farmers in the region are characterized by low income earners caused by agronomic related challenges, such as low productivity of input factors. In addressing this challenge, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of outgrower scheme on its members’ income, using the propensity score matching approach. Through this approach the study assessed cross-sectional data, collected from small-scale tea farmers in the Mufindi district, founded in Tanzania. Results of the assessment on the impact of outgrower scheme on its members, suggest that the scheme has a negative and insignificant impact on its members’ income. This implies that, the outgrower scheme does not meet its intended objective of raising the income of its members, due to failure of improving quality as well as quantity of tea produced in the study area.

This study aims to survey current chicken industry and the status of technology based on the KAFACI project on the promotion of good management for increased productivity of market oriented small scale chicken producers in Nigeria. The agricultural sector has been identified as a virile sector with varieties of opportunities for the much sought diversification of revenue base and employment generation in Nigeria despite the dominance of smallholder farmers. The chicken enterprise has being a component of the livestock industry showing increasing importance. Growing entrepreneurships for sustainable growth of the industry requires investigating the prevailing environment in market-oriented chicken production in Southwest Nigeria. This study investigated the production practices, constraints of market oriented smallholder chicken farmers. Data were generated through farm survey of 240 farmers selected by multi-stage sampling techniques from 5 out of 6 states in the Southwest. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study shows a population of famers dominated by male 76.7% and average year of education of 13.88years. Foundation stock of birds are prominently sourced from commercial hatcheries (75.8%) and reared under intensive management system (87.8%). Majority of the farmers (46.7%) are into rearing of layers, broilers and cockerels with an average stock size of 449, 157 and 158 birds respectively. Birds are fed twice daily (74.8%) on compounded ration by 95.4% of the farmers. Major production constraints are high feed cost (32.1%), shortage of capital (30.0%) and poor access to market (25.4%). However, 96.7% of the farmers considered the enterprise profitable.

In southern Kyushu, dwarf variety of late-heading type (DL) napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) has utilized for the rotational grazing in 4 months of hot summer period by Japanese-Black (JB) beef cows for 6 years in 2002-2007. The objectives of this study were to investigate the establishment of feeding system of DL napiergrass with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IR) grazed by the standard herd of JB beef cows in breeding beef farmers. Grazing DL napiergrass pasture was established totally at 0.66 ㏊ with 5 paddocks (0.132 ㏊ each) in 2006. Oversowing of IR was imposed into the inter-row of DL napiergrass on December 8, 2007. Grazing for IR and DL napiergrass pastures was carried out in 30 and 71 days, respectively. Daily gain of beef cows for the grazing on DL napiergrass was averaged at 0.23 ㎏ head?¹ day?¹, and carrying capacity was calculated at 891 CD ㏊?¹. The results revealed that DL napiergrass with IR pasture should fit to the rotational grazing with maintaining the liveweight of grazing beef cows for 4.5 months, and it can be proposed for the sustainable and low-cost feeding system to smallholder farmers in this area.

In southern Kyushu, aged beef cow farmers hold limited available land and poor machinery equipment, while demand for herbage production increases rapidly due to high cost of imported herbage supply. Dwarf variety of late-heading type (DL) napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) meets the situation for smallholder farmers, especially in remote islands. The objectives of this study were to investigate adaptability and sustainability of DL napiergrass among 12 sites in southern Kyushu, by determine yield, quality and overwintering ability. The results revealed t㏊t DL napiergrass should adapt to the examined sites including isolated islands at an established year and produce satisfactory yield and quality herbage, if additional fertilizer application covers more t㏊n 10g N m?² year?¹ after establishment.