Recently, an interest has developed in the use of whole green grains as functional food materials. The present study was conducted to provide the baseline data for the stable production of whole green grains in 20 cultivars of wheat by investigating the greenness of grain with maturation (from 20 th to 41 st day after heading, at an interval of 3 days). On the 20 th day after heading, the grains were dark green with a wrinkled long-oval shape. After the 35 th day of heading, the grains turned almost yellow with an oval shape. Their redness (‘a’ value of chromaticity) increased from the 20 th to 41 st days after heading, indicating a negative value up to the 32 nd day after heading. A significant decrease in their chlorophyll content was observed with maturation. The yield of whole green wheat grain (including greenish yellow grain) was the highest from the 32 nd to 35 th after heading. Therefore, we concluded that the optimal harvesting period for whole green wheat grain was from the 32 nd to 35 th day after heading. The heading time of various cultivars ranged from April 28 to May 5, the time of Jopummil cultivar grew the fastest among them, such as Gurumil, Alchanmil, but Dahongmil got the latest in heading time. The greenness of seven cultivars (Jeokjungmil, Keumkangmil, Jogyeongmil, Jopummil, Baekjungmil, Yeonbaekmil, and Milseongmil) was relatively higher than that of the others. The yield of greenish whole grain was relatively high in six cultivars (Alchanmil, Baekjungmil, Eunpamil, Yeonbaekmil, Dahongmil, and Urimil). Based on their greenness and yield, the Baekjungmil and Yeonbaekmil cultivars have been considered to be optimal for the production of whole green wheat grain.

The existing domestic bridge has become deterioration with the increase of bridges to be managed. Therefore appropriate maintenance such as an inspection, diagnosis, repair, and rehabilitation is required to extend the service life of the bridge. The domestic and international cases of the maintenance budget for bridges were investigated and analyzed. As a result, surveyed countries represent maintenance cost as only accounting values without clear and accurate categorized maintenance items.

A lot of bridges have been built with economic growth and national development for a long time. The existing domestic bridge has been become deterioration with the increase of the quantity management. Therefore appropriate maintenance such as an inspection, diagnosis, repair, and rehabilitation is required to extend the service life of the bridge. The domestic and international cases of the maintenance for inspection personnel were investigated and analyzed. As a result, there was hardly clear and accurate criteria about inspection personnel but Denmark. However, the qualification and competence of the team members have been presented.

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a threelayered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

This research analyzed the characteristics of varieties of rice such as a harvest time and yield, and to select a proper variety to product green rice according to a conventional planting culture and a late planting culture. The most proper harvest time of rice, in general, was 15 to 25 days after heading to product the green rice. Sinsunchal among glutinous rice varieties and Chilbo among nonglutinous rice varieties showed the most amount harvest at 25 days after heading, which was a limit harvest time for the whole green rice production in overall rice varieties. The amount of green rice according to transplanting times, the May 30 th transplanting was more than the June 20 th . The yield of green rice harvested at 15~25 days after heading was varied according to varieties. Proper glutinous varieties for green rice production were Dongjinchal, Sangdongchal, Boseokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, which were transplanted at the May 30 th . Meanwhile, Boseokchal, Backokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, were proper varieties for green rice production, which were transplanted at the June 20 th . In nonglutinous rice, Samkwang, Nunbora, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the May 30 th , were proper varieties for green rice production. Hwanggeomnodeul, Hopum, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the June 20 th , were proper varieties for green rice production.

Recently efficient maintenance technology has been rising because of the structural deterioration. Specific technology development and research related to the real-time monitoring has been conducted in various ways. All-in-one enclosure including GPS was fabricated to measure the displacement of the retaining wall structure exposed the extreme environment such as very high and low temperature. Also it measured the displacement of the structure under the phased construction.

his experiment was carried out to figure out the growth and yield of waxy corn after cultivating the hairy vetch which was mostly used as a green manure crop. The waxy corn showed the growth and yield efficiency relative to conventional culture after the hairy vetch was returned to as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased, and the LAI was similar to the conventional culture when less than 18 kg. Length of ear slightly decreased compared to 188 mm of conventional culture when the hairy vetch was used as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was less than 9 kg, but the length of ear increased relative to the conventional culture when the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer was more than 18 kg. The highest 100-kernel weight was 35.4 g with the hairy vetch and 27 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The lowest 100-kernel weight was 27.4 g with the hairy vetch and 0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Quantity with the hairy vetch and 9 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was similar the conventional culture. Suger content with the hairy vetch and more than 18 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than the conventional culture. Thickness of pericarp showed no difference among treatments.

본 연구는 경상북도 농업기술원에서 초당옥수수 품종개발을 위하여 육성한 100개의 자식계통들에 대하여 총 8개의 질적 및 양적 형질들을 이용하여 형태적 변이 연구를 수행하였다. 2개의 질적 형질들의 조사 결과에서, 종피색(QL1)은 황색을 나타내는 계통(91계통)들이 가장 많았고, 유묘활력(QL2)은 대부분의 계통(68계통)이 약한 특성을 나타내었다. 6개의 양적 형질들에 대한 조사에서, 각 형질 별 평균값은 출웅일수(QN1) 45.9±3.1일, 출사일수(QN2) 49.6±3.4일, 출웅기-출사기 간격(QN3) 3.7±1.1일, 분얼수(QN4) 1.2±0.9개, 간장(QN5) 141.4±15.3 cm, 착수고(QN6) 55.3±11.4 cm를 각각 나타내었다. 주성분분석에서 분석에 이용한 8개의 형질들 중 유묘활력(QL2)과 분얼수(QN4)는 제 1 주성분에서 음의 방향에 크게 기여하였고, 출웅일수(QN1)와 출사일수(QN2)는 양의 방향으로 크게 기여하였다. 반면에 제 2 주성분에서는 착수고(QN6)와 간장(QN5)은 양의 방향에 크게 기여하였다. 따라서 제 1축 및 제 2축의 주성분에서 크게 기여한 형질들은 100개의 초당옥수수 자식계통들을 식별하는데 유용한 형질들인 것으로 생각되었다. 본 연구에서 100개의 초당옥수수 자식계통들에 대한 형태적 변이 및 주성분분석의 결과는 국내 초당옥수수 품종개발을 위한 계통 육성 및 교배조합 구성 등에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Presently, the wind power tower grows actively in all countries of the world as the part of renewable energy securing. Recently, as to the wind power tower, the advance to and diversification of the wind power tower form and material are made. but the maintenance manual about the wind power tower in which this foundation is based is insufficient. therefore, the object is that in being safe and maintaining efficiently the wind power tower, by developing the maintenance manual about the fundamental vulnerable element the life span improvement of the wind power tower is planned and it contributes to the maintenance management technology development.

An LED plant factory farm is an alternative way to grow crops regardless of weather, season, and blight in such times of climate change. In recent years, it is a currently active and vibrant research field. The industry, which ranges from leaf vegetables to high value products, is expanding. This study was conducted to test tthe response of LED (Lightemitting diode) irradiation on the growth characteristics and ginsenoside levels indoors, in order to find out suitable light conditions. Ginseng seedling was transplanted from a styrofoam pot (L×W×D:495×315×215 mm, inside diameter) into a closed plant production system in four blue LED (BL) and red LED (RL) different ratios of 1:1, 1;2, 1:3, 1:4 in a temperature range of 20~25℃, relative humidity of between 55 and 65%, and a 12-hour photoperiod. The LED irradiation shows the highest levels were found at 1:1 of BL and RL ratio at 61.21 μmol s-lm-2, 1:2 ratio 68.55 μmol s-lm-2, 1:3 ratio 63.85 μmol s-lm-2 and 1:4 ratio 62.41 μmol s-lm-2 from highest to lowest respectively. After analyzing from shoot and root 2 yers old ginseng plant which were cultivated under 1:3 irradiation of BL and RL ratio, it generally showed a positive effect under a 1:3 ratio of BL and RL.

비소 함유 골재를 토양개량제로 사용하였을 경우 광미에 포함된 유효태 또는 광물로 존재하는 비소가 용출되어 식물 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실험 한 결과를 요약 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 중세사에서 자갈크기의 유비철석 입자시료에서는 비 소가 약 95.28 mg kg-1 정도 함유된 있으나 밭토양 시 료에서는 비소가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 상추 재배토양에 함유된 양을 기준으로 생물학적 이용 가능 비소와 그리고 상추로 전이된 비소의 양의 비율 을 비교한 결과 토양으로부터 생물학적 이용 가능 비 소 형태로 전환된 비소의 비율은 최저 2.20%에서 최 대 3.31%로 조사되었다. 3. 상대적 생물학적 이용가능 비소와 상추내 비소 지수는 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있는 반면 이의 비소 지수가 증가함에 따라 상추의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 생체중과 건 물중 모두 반비례로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 입자직경이 토양보다 큰 모래 또는 자갈크기의 비소를 포함한 자갈이 혼합량이 증가됨에 따라 식물가용수분 함량이 감소될 뿐만 아니라 상추가 자라는 동안 비소 를 포함된 유비철석입자부터 비소가 토양내로 용존되 어 작물체내로 전이기 증가되어 상추 엽장, 엽폭 엽수, 생체중, 그리고 건물중에 영향을 준 것으로 판단한다.

고품질 우량인삼 생산을 위한 해가림자재별 인삼의 생육 상황과 해가림 아래의 미기상 변화를 조사하였고, 각각의 해가림자재에서 생산된 수삼의 유효성분들을 조사 분석한 결과, 6~8월까지의 해가림자재별로 온도는 차광지>차광판> 차광지 순이었고, 투광량도 차광지가 8월에 381.7 μmol/s/m2 로 인삼포내 온도가 가장 높은 원인이었다. 2~3년 인삼의 지상부 생육은 차광망>차광판>차광지 순이었으며, 4년근은 차광판=차광지>차광망 순으로 좋았다. 4년근 인삼의 진세 노사이드 총함량은 차광판>차광지>차광망 순으로 많았으 며, 수삼의 색도는 차광망>차광판>차광지 순으로 높았다

Flavonols as a major kind of plant secondary metabolites are known for health-promoting compounds in onions (Allium cepa L.). The objectives of this study are to determine profiles of flavonol glycosides in different 75 onion accessions. A total of five flavonols (quercetin 3,4'- diglucoside, Q34'diG; quercetin 3-glucoside, Q3G; quercetin 4'-glucoside, Q4'G; isorhamnetin 4'-glucoside, I4'G; quercetin, Q) were identified from onion accessions. In positive ion mode using LC-ESI-MS, individual flavonols were confirmed from one and two glycosylation binding with aglycone such as quercetin and isorhamnetin. Total flavonol contents were distributed in white onion (range of 0.18-6.47 mg/g DW) and purple onion accessions (range of 2.39-6.47 mg/g), respectively. The mean of flavonol contents in purple onion (4.41 mg/g) showed 1.4-fold higher than white onion (3.23 mg/g). The Q34'diG and Q4'G were considered as the major compounds of flavonol glycosides in onion accessions.

This study investigated ginseng growth and ginsenoside contents after control a reserved ginseng cultivation land using various green manure crops for stable ginseng cultivation. Followings are results obtained from this research. After cultivate the green manure crops, microbial flora in soil was diversified, organic matter and total-N content increased, but salt content decreased. The highest output obtained from the wheat cultivated area among various green manure corps. Growth of shoot and root of two years old ginseng increased significantly at the green manure crop cultivated area. Specially, the wheat cultivated area was the most effective in growth. Also, the rate of the leaf discoloration at the aerial part and the rusty root at the root was the least at the wheat cultivation area. Meanwhile, the ginsenoside content was the most at the wheat cultivation area. Thus, the reserved ginseng cultivation land could be managed by cultivating wheat for effective ginseng growth.

This study was conducted to investigate the Structural Health Monitoring(SHM) system built in large-scale structures. Recently large-scale structures such as bridges and high-rise building have installed SHM system and using the SHM system, large-scale structures are monitoring the status of structures. In many practical cases, SHM systems are used sensor, such as strain gauge, inclinometer, accelerometers, seismic, wind anemometer, GPS, to monitor status of structures. This case study foreground potential future research dealing with SHM system using integrated sensor module.