The present study was to assess the in vitro viability and sexing rate of bovine embryos. Blastocysts were harvested on day 7～9 day after insemination(in vitro and in vivo), and the sex of the embryos was examined using the LAMP method. Embryo cell biopsy was carried out in a 80 μl drop Ca2+, Mg2+ free D-PBS and, biopsied embryos viability were evaluated after more 12 h culture in IVMD culture medium. The formation of recovered embryo to expanded and hatching stages had ensued in higher of sexed embryo in vivo than in vitro (100% vs. 89%, p<0.05), and in vitro, the rates of degeneration after sexing were significantly (p<0.05) higher in vitro than in vivo(11% vs. 0.0%). The rates of the predicted sex were female 61% vs. 56%, and male 39% vs. 44% in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The rates of survival following different biopsy methods were seen between punching and bisection method in vivo and in vitro (100% vs. 89% and 100% vs, 78% respectively). Biopsy method by punching was significantly (p<0.05) higher than bisection between produced embryos in vivo and in vitro. The present data indicate that with microblade after punching for embryo sexing results in high incidence of survivability on development after embryo biopsy. It is also suggested that LAMP-based embryo sexing suitable for field applications.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of the cattle manure (CM) application on the botanical composition and micro-mineral contents (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) of grazing pasture at the experimental field of Livestock Division, Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science from year 2003 to 2005. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of T1: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF 100%), T2: 50% CF +50% CM, T3: 25% CF +75% CM, T4: 100% cattle manure (CM 100%), T5: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.) + 100% CM (3rd yr.), T6: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.)+ 100% CF (3rd yr.). The botanical composition of grassland for grass, legumes, and weeds showed that the rate of legumes was increased in all treatments. The weeds rate in T4 was the highest in comparison to the other treatments. For micro-mineral contents T5 showed the highest average Fe contents of 262.08 ppm and T1 showed the lowest (199.20 ppm). Mn contents was the highest in T1 among the other treatments. Zn contents was the highest in T3 as compared with other treatments. Cu contents was the highest in T6 as compared with other treatments. The results of this experiments indicated that micro-mineral contents of change was effect of legumes increased than treatment

목적: 이 연구는 중학생 선수들을 대상으로 케어링 분위기와 삶의 만족도 관계에서 라이프스킬 전이의 매개효과 를 분석하였다. 방법: 연구 참여자는 중학교 운동선수 221명(남자=155명, 여자=66명)으로 평균 15.94세였다. 측정 도구로는 케어링 분위기 척도(CCS), 라이프스킬 전이 척도(KLSTS), 그리고 삶의 만족도 척도(SWLS)가 사용되었 으며, 수집된 자료는 Stata 9.2를 이용하여 기술통계, 상관관계, 구조모형 분석을 실시했다. 결과: 첫째, 케어링 분 위기는 라이프스킬 전이에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 라이프스킬 전이는 삶의 만족도에 유의 한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 케어링 분위기는 삶의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 넷째, 케어링 분위기와 삶의 만족도 관계에서 라이프스킬 전이는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 지도자를 포 함한 팀의 구성원들이 서로를 존중하고 격려하는 분위기는 스포츠에서 개발된 라이프스킬을 다양한 환경으로 전 이하는 데 보탬이 된다. 나아가 전이된 라이프스킬은 삶에 대한 선수들의 전반적인 만족감을 높이므로 지도자는 스포츠 환경 내에서 긍정적인 분위기를 형성할 필요가 있다.

목적: 본 연구는 해결중심 단기 상담 모델을 이론적 근거로 하여 고등학교 펜싱 선수들에게 심리기술 훈련을 적용하고 그 효과를 규명했다. 방법: 연구 참여자는 고등학교 남자 펜싱(에페종목)선수 4명(평균나이: 18.25세)이었다. 심리기술 훈련은 두 달에 걸쳐 7회기로 구성되었으며, 사전-사후 검사를 위한 측정도구로는 스포츠심리기술 검사지가 사용되었다. 결과: 7회기 동안의 심리기술 훈련은 펜싱선수들의 인지전략을 향상시키는 데 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 구체적으로, 통제가능한 요소와 과정단서에 집중하는 연습을 통해 부정적인 생각이나 시합 결과에 대한 예측으로 인한 인지불안 요소들을 효과적으로 다룰 수 있는 능력을 습득하였다. 사전-사후 양적검사 결과, 스포츠심리기술 설문지를 이용한 사전 및 사후검사 비교에서도 목표설정과 불안조절 요인에서는 네 명 선수 모두 개선된 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 요인들에서도 대부분 긍정적인 변화를 보여주었다. 결론: 해결중심 단기상담 모델을 적용한 본 연구에서 펜싱선수들은 시합불안을 감소시킬 수 있는 인지전략을 터득하여 시합 집중도를 개선 하였다.

The rapid increase of naturalized plants causes disturbance of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to identify the reality of naturalized flora in Jeolla-do. A total of 830 sites were studied in 2016. These naturalized plants consisted of 189 taxa in total, belonging to 38 families, 116 genera, 181 species, 2 forms and 6 varieties. According to the results of the analysis based on place of origin, 75 taxa were from Europe, and 59 taxa were from North America. According to the analysis of the ecological characteristics, compositae had the highest diversity among 31 families, with 44 taxa, followed by Gramineae, with 24 taxa, and Leguminosae, with 10 taxa. Naju-si had the highest diversity among 36 counties, with 77 taxa. This study identified 37 (Jeollanam-do) and 30 taxa (Jeollabuk-do) not listed in the preceding literature in Jeolla-do. We found a lots of differences between flora's databases of previous studies resulting from the naturalized plant definition.

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of indigenous habitat of Simjeok forest wetland, Mt. Jeombomg forest wetland, Mt. Sohwangbyung forest wetland, Jilmoi-neup, and Mt. Myeon forest wetland in Gangwon Province. The vascular plants were summarized as 547 taxa; 92 families, 296 genera, 468 species, 4 subspecies, 67 varieties, 8 forms. The plants that are specially noteworthy are 17 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 3 taxa of Critical Endangered Species (CR), 4 taxa of Endangered Species (EN), 8 taxa of Vulnerable Species (VU) and 17 taxa of Least Concemed Species (LC) in rare plants as categorized by the Korean Forest Service. Furthermore, V, IV, III degrees of floristic regional indicator plants as categorized by the Korean Ministry of Environment included 9 taxa, 14 taxa and 34 taxa, respectively. In addition, 25 taxa of naturalized plants were observed. In this study, we identified a variety of plants observed in the wetlands of Gangwon Province. We believe that this study will provide useful data for future research on the conservation and management of wetlands.