Pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) is used for the manufacturing of high-purity pitch for carbon precursor due to its high carbon content, high aromaticity, and low heterogeneous element and impurity content. Pitch is commonly classified with its softening point, which is most considerable physical property affecting to various characteristics of the carbon materials based on pitch, such as electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and pore property. Hence, the softening point should be controlled to apply pitch to produce various carbon materials for different applications. Previous studies introduce reforming process under high pressure and two step heat treatment for the synthesis of pitch with high softening point from PFO. These methods lead to a high process cost; therefore, it is necessary to develop a process to synthesize the pitch with high softening point by using energy effective process at a low temperature. In this study, waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was added to control the softening point of PFO-based pitch. The pitch synthesized by the heat treatment with the addition of PET showed the softening point higher than that of the pitch synthesized with only PFO. The softening point of PFObased pitch synthesized at 420 °C was 138.3 °C, while that of the pitch synthesized by adding PET under the same process conditions was 342.8 °C. It is proposed that the effect of the PET addition on the increase in the softening point was due to the radicals generated from thermal degradation of PET. The radicals from PET react with the PFO molecules to promote the polymerization and finally increase the molecular weight and softening point of the pitch. In addition, activated carbon was prepared by using the pitch synthesized by adding PET, and the results showed that the specific surface area of the activated carbon increased by the addition of PET. It is expected that the pitch synthesis method with PET addition significantly contributes to the manufacture of pitch and activated carbon.

무궁화를 정원식물로 가꾸고 있는 세계 각국의 식재 현황과 노지재배가 가능한 식재한계지대를 구명하기 위하여 현지답사와 전문가 탐문, Georeferencer service, 각국의 주요식물원을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사, 각종 문헌과 현지 사진분석 등을 종합한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라에서 가장 높은 고도에서 자라고 있는 무궁화는 강원도 평창군 진부면 해발 710m 지점이었고 지금까지 확인된 가장 고위도 지역의 무궁화는 북한의 평양에 식재된 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 무궁화의 원산지로 추정되고 있는 아시아대륙의 식재 한계선은 Shandongsheng(山東省)의 Qindao(靑島), Jinan(濟南), Hebeisheng(河北省)에 있는 Beijing (北京), Shanshusheng(山西省)의 Xian(西安), Hanzhong (漢中), Sichuansheng(泗川省)의 Shengtu(成都), Yunnamsheng (雲南 省)의 Lijiang(麗江), Baoshan(保山), Jinghong(景洪)을 잇는 선의 동쪽이었고 Quangdongsheng(廣東省)의 Taishan(臺山), Hongkong (香港), Zhejiiangsheng(浙江省)의 Ningbo(宁波)를 잇는 선이었다. 대륙의 동해안쪽은 Taiwan(臺灣) 남쪽 끝의 Kaoshung(高雄), 북쪽의 Taipei(臺北), 일본의 Shendai(仙臺)와 북해도를 잇는 선이었다. 3. Europe 대륙에서 가장 북쪽 끝 부분에서 자라는 무궁화는 Sweden의 Stockholm에 식재되어 있는 것으로서 정확한 위치는 북위 58.4도, 동경 18.0도 지점이었고 서유럽의 경우에는 Portugal의 Lisboa와 Spain의 Valencia, 서남유럽에서는 Greece의 Agion Oros(40.5N, 24.3E)이었다. 4. 중동지역에서는 Syria의 Palmyra (35.0N, 38.5E)와 Israel의 Jerusalem(31.4N, 35.1E), 지중해 연안에는 Slovenia에서 Albania까지 식재되어 있으며 서남아시아 지역에서는 Azerbaijan과 Geogia 그리고 Armenia 등 Cocasus지 방에서 재배되고 있었다. 5. 북아메리카 지역에서는 Canada의 Vancouver에서 Colorado주의 Denver, Kansas주의 Kansas city, Illinois주의 Chicago, Michigan주의 Detroit, New York 주의 Swego와 Burlington, Messachusetts주의 Boston을 잇는 선의 남쪽이었는데 Canada의 Toronto에서도 생육이 잘 되고 있음이 확인되었다. 한편 중남미에는 Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, Pueto Rico, 남아메리카 대륙에서는 Argentina의 Olavarria(36.9S, 60.3W)에 심겨진 것이 가장 남쪽지역에서 자라는 것으로 나타났다. 6. Australia에서는 Melbourne으로부터 Gold Coast까지, 그리고 New Zealand에서는 Auckland와 Wellington에 심겨져 있는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 Africa 대륙에서는 South Africa의 Johannesburg(26.6S, 27.4E)에 심겨져 있는 것으로 조사되었는데 Africa지역은 앞으로 좀더 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Innovation activities represented by Six Sigma (6σ) led to improvements not only in manufacturing industries but also in various business fields. In the aviation industry, Six Sigma has been used as a tool of innovation since the beginning of 2000, and it has developed into a comprehensive form of innovation activity that includes various improvement tools. In this study, the innovation activities in K company that is a representative company of aviation industry are summarized in the last 10 years, and the effectiveness of the innovation tools and the performance of the tasks are also analyzed. The results of 2,091 projects over the past decade have been analyzed from various perspectives. First, we found out the tools that were used frequently at each DMAIC step, showed their frequency, and analyzed the evaluation results for the project. The project was evaluated from grade 1 (highest level) to grade 7 (lowest level) with an average grade of 4.1 for the overall project. The evaluation grades of the projects were compared and analyzed in terms of the qualifications of the leader, the roadmap for the implementation of the project, the financial effect, the size of the financial effect, the business classification, and the project execution period. These results may suggest new perspectives for companies considering or adopting innovation programs.

오프라인 공간 이동 게임은 (이하 공간 이동 게임) 정해진 실제 공간에 배치된 여러 퍼즐 문제와의 상호작용을 통해 해당 공간을 탈출하는 게임으로서 전 세계적으로 많은 인기를 끌고 있다. 본 논문은 공간 이동게임을 디자인할 때 도움이 되는 새로운 잠금 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 해당 잠금 시스템은 여러 개의 스마트폰 장치를 활용하는 것으로, 터치 디스플레이를 이용해 장치 간의 배치를 추정할 수 있는 시스템을 기반으로 한다. 사용자는 공간 이동 게임 내에서 주어진 힌트를 이용해서 다수의 스마트폰 장치를 적절하게 배치한 후 스마트폰들의 배치를 추정할 수 있는 터치 제스처 데이터를 서버에 전송한다. 서버는 각 장치의 배치 상태를 추정하여, 배치 상태가 올바른 지 확인하고 게임을 진행시킨다. 제안한 잠금 시스템에 대해, 사용의 입력을 바탕으로 잠금 시스템으로서의 성능을 평가하였으며, 잠금 패턴을 구분하기 위한 적절한 파라미터를 선정하였다. 또한 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 공간 이동 게임에서 활용될 수 있는 시나리오를 제안하였다. 본 논문을 통해 제안된 새로운 잠금 시스템을 통해 공간 이동 게임에 보다 다양한 시나리오와 트릭이 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered the major cause of mortality in the world. Tremendous animal studies are performed to develop novel therapeutics, and this study aimed to induce porcine myocardial infarction model by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Coronary guidewire was placed in left anterior descending artery (LAD). The balloon angioplasty catheter was inserted at the back of the PET. The balloon catheter was carefully pushed forward, until the balloon marker was located in mid-LAD. Coronary angiography was performed pre- and post-occlusion at 28 days by C-arm. Histologic analysis of heart tissue was performed 28 days after inducing AMI. Thirty three pigs were anesthetized and underwent percutaneous coronary catheterization. All pigs were successfully embolized in mid-LAD by PET. Fifteen pigs died due to ventricular fibrillation during post-anesthetic recovery time, and overall experiment mortality was 45.5%. In 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, gross finding of the ischemic heart lesion showed firm and white area of infarction associated with the apex and left ventricular posterior wall. Infarct on H&E-stained sections demonstrated a region without myocytes and rich with cardiomyocyte with atypical nuclei. Successful induction of AMI by using PET may provide the pathophysiological information of ischemic heart disease and improvement of therapy development for AMI.

Chamaecyparis obtusa is one of the economical conifers planted in Korea due to its good quality timber and wood characteristics. Individuals of C. obtusa containing high terpenes (HT) and low terpenes (LT) were selected for by colorimetric method. The HT of C. obtusa was delayed in wilting against various abiotic stresses compared to the LT plants. The HT group exposed to UV did not significant influence the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll value was higher in the HT group than the LT group. Also, chilling treatment (5℃) did not significant influence on the chlorophyll content. However treatment at -4℃ showed relatively low chlorophyll content in the LT group than the HT group. Plants exposure to high temperature was not a difference between the HT and the LT group. However, treatment at 38℃ influenced the chlorophyll content that was increased exposure time-dependently. In salt treatments, chlorophyll in the HT group was lower at high concentrations (300 and 500 mM) of NaCl. However, chlorophyll content increased to slightly in treatment time-dependently, which is 6.7% to 40%. H2O2 treatment has been a negative effect on the chlorophyll content in the HT group. All concentration of H2O2 decreased the chlorophyll content of 5% to 35%. Plants containing high terpenoids were resisted against some abiotic stress such as salt and H2O2. Our results implied that terpenoids could cause various abiotic stress resistance. These results could be utilized for efficient management and biomass production during forest silvicultures.

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.