The chemical composition of 86 species of native plants in Korea, including plants to be afforestation, was analyzed. The chemical composition of the species analyzed was different. The species with the highest extractable content was Viburnum dilatatum (3.91%), and the species with the lowest extractable content was Ligustrum lucidum (0.11%). The lignin content ranged from 12 to 39%, with an average of 25%. The species with the highest lignin content was Chaenomeles lagenaria (39.37%). Hemicellulose content ranged from 18 to 52%, with the highest species being Thuja occidentalis (51.22%) and Eucommia ulmoides (48.84%). Cellulose content ranged from 25 to 58%, and the species with the highest content were Prunus serrulata (57.67%), Diospyros kaki (57.14%), Aesculus turbinata (53.29%), Albizia julibrissin (53.02%), and Zelkova serrata (52.29%). The chemical composition was different for each use taxon of 86 plant species. The lignin content was the highest in the fruit group and the lowest in the group other than recommended species for afforestation. Cellulose content was highest in non-reforestation-recommended tree species and lowest in fruit trees. In classification according to tree height, lignin content was higher in shrubs than in tall trees, and cellulose content was highest in tall trees. Between deciduous and evergreen trees, the lignin content was high in deciduous trees (26.46%), and the cellulose content was also high in deciduous trees (44.01%). As a result of analyzing the correlation between each compound, there was a difference. There tended to be a positive correlation between extractives and lignin content. There was a negative correlation between extractives and holocellulose content, hemicellulose and cellulose. The higher extract content affected the cellulose content much more than hemicellulose. Also, the higher the lignin content, the lower the cellulose content. The species with low lignin content and high cellulose content were Diospyros kaki and Prunus serrulata var. spontanea. This result is expected to be primary data for bioenergy, pulp industry and bioindustry.

The effect of the surrounding vegetation on the seed germination and growth of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated. Seed germination rate and growth were tested for allelopathy effects on four forest tree species after treatment with fallen leaves and leaf extracts. In the case of soil treatment through fallen leaves and crushed leaves, the germination rate was lower in the Quercus myrsinifolia treatments, and the average germination time was slower when Chamaecyparis obtusa was treated. In the case of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis, which are used in most of the MCG cultivation areas, they did not have a significant effect on seed germination. In the fallen leaves treatments, the stem showed a tendency to lengthen. The hot water extract treatment showed a higher germination percentage than the cold water extract treatment. The extract treatment showed a deficient germination percentage of some MCG seeds. However, in the case of the treatments except for this, the germination percentage was similar to that of the control treatment. However, the Mean Germination Time, germination rate, and germination value were faster and higher than the control treatment. As a result of calculating the allelopathic index (AI) of MCG according to the extract treatment of 4 species, most had a negative effect on germination, and P. densiflora and Q. variabilis extracts showed the most significant effect. The ginsenoside content was higher in the fallen leaves treatment than in the control. The above results will help select and manage MCG plantations.

본 연구는 국내 차나무 품종을 대상으로 연평균 기온이 낮은 봉화군에 식재하여, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 가능성을 검토하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 봉화군 시험지 토양 조사 결과, 시험지별 토양의 pH, EC, 치환성양이온, 유효인산은 적정수준이었으며, 유기물 함량은 대체로 낮은 수치로 조사되었 다. 봉화군 시험지 기온 조사 결과, 최저 기온은 소천면이 -14.1℃로 가장 낮았고, 다음으로 춘양면 -12.6℃, 명호면 -12.6℃, -10.2℃ 순으로 모든 시험지는 -10℃ 이하의 낮은 온도로 조사되었다. 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과, 명호면 시험지에서 생육 정도가 가장 우수하였고, 다음으로 소천면, 온실, 춘양면 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 시험지 생장량과 광합성량이 다른 수종에 비해 높은 것을 확인하였 다. 봉화지역과 하동지역에 식재된 참녹의 주요 생리활성물질인 catechin과 caffeine 함량을 조사한 결과, Catechin 함량은 EGC와 EC, EGCG 함량은 하동이 높게 조사되었고, 반면 ECG는 봉화지역의 참녹이 월등히 높았다. 총 catechin 함량은 봉화 5.23%, 하동 5.22%로 비슷하게 나타났다. Caffeine 함량은 봉화 0.05%, 하동 0.38%로 하동지역의 참녹이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 봉화군 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과 명호면, 소천면이 차나무 재배에 유리할 것이며, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 시 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 재배 적응성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

To improve the quality of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. hoonensis), which is a fruit of health functional, the effect of polyphenol preparation treatment on the fruit characteristics of two cultivars (cv. Bokjo and cv. Sangwang) of jujube was investigated. There was no difference in the height and breast diameter of jujubes tested between the polyphenol treatments and non treatment. Jujube trees treated with polyphenol preparation produced significantly more fruit than untreated in both cultivars. In cvultivar of Bokjo, the polyphenol preparation treatment increased the fruit's fresh weight and dry weight more than two times, respectively, compared to the untreated treatment. Polyphenol preparation tr eatments also changed the leaf characteristics of jujube trees. In the polyphenol-treated trees, leaf thickness tended to be thickest at the top and thinnest at the bottom. Polyphenol preparation treated jujube trees showed no difference in chlorophyll content. Moisture content was slightly higher in the untreatment than in the treatments. Visually, the polyphenol preparation treatment had a dark green color. Jujubes treated with polyphenol preparations showed differences in polyphenol content in fruits. The polyphenol content in both peel and flesh of the treatments were much higher than that of the untreatment. Reducing sugar was contained more in the peel than in the flesh and was higher in the untreatment than in the polyphenol preparation treatments. Treatment with polyphenol preparation showed differences in fruit appearance. As described above, it was found that the treatment of polyphenol preparation changed the leaves, fruit shapes and components of jujube trees. In particular, jujubes treated with polyphenol preparations are expected to contribute significantly to eco-friendly and highly functional jujube cultivation, as they appear to produce many fruits and increase the content of polyphenols and sugars.

Zanthoxylum schinifolium is an important short-term income species and a useful resource with various physiological activities. In this study, the distribution and characteristics of seed-rich individuals of Z. schinifolium trees were analyzed. Seed-rich individuals were selected from three regions in consideration of seed yield and growth factors. As a result of the leaf shape survey, the length and width of the leaves were shorter in Jeju and longer in Geochang and Hadong compared to the average. There were very large differences in seed production between individuals within the Z. schinifolium group. The amount of seeds was higher in Jeju and Hadong than in Geochang. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the seven morphological characteristics, the overall correlation coefficient was in the range of -0.910 ~ 0.933. Total seed mass (TS) and seed weight (SW) showed a strong positive (+) correlation. As a result of the principal component analysis, it was classified into two categories. The first principal component showed a high correlation in the order of total seed weight and total seed amount, and the second principal component showed a high correlation with seed length and tree height. As a result of comparing seed production for two years, it was found that there was no change in production. As a result of examining seed viability using the TTC method, all of Z. schinifolium seeds showed more than 90% vitality. It is judged that the above results will serve as basic data for the development of a new variety of seed-rich Z. schinifolium trees.

Chamaecyparis obtusa is one of the economical conifers planted in Korea due to its good quality timber and wood characteristics. Individuals of C. obtusa containing high terpenes (HT) and low terpenes (LT) were selected for by colorimetric method. The HT of C. obtusa was delayed in wilting against various abiotic stresses compared to the LT plants. The HT group exposed to UV did not significant influence the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll value was higher in the HT group than the LT group. Also, chilling treatment (5℃) did not significant influence on the chlorophyll content. However treatment at -4℃ showed relatively low chlorophyll content in the LT group than the HT group. Plants exposure to high temperature was not a difference between the HT and the LT group. However, treatment at 38℃ influenced the chlorophyll content that was increased exposure time-dependently. In salt treatments, chlorophyll in the HT group was lower at high concentrations (300 and 500 mM) of NaCl. However, chlorophyll content increased to slightly in treatment time-dependently, which is 6.7% to 40%. H2O2 treatment has been a negative effect on the chlorophyll content in the HT group. All concentration of H2O2 decreased the chlorophyll content of 5% to 35%. Plants containing high terpenoids were resisted against some abiotic stress such as salt and H2O2. Our results implied that terpenoids could cause various abiotic stress resistance. These results could be utilized for efficient management and biomass production during forest silvicultures.

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.

내건성이 우수하다고 판명되어진 비수리(Lespedeza cuneata), 새(Arundinella hirta), 소리쟁이 (Rumex crispus), 장구채(Silene firma), 매듭풀(Kummerowia striata) 5수종의 기내대량증식 조건을 구명하였다. 5종의 선발종 중 비수리는 WPM배지에서 길이생장이 가장 좋았으며, 새는 MS배지, 소리쟁 이는 LP배지에서 장구채는 LP배지, 매듭풀은 SH배지에서 좋은 길이생장을 보였다. 뿌리발생도 수종에 따라 배양배지에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 비수리의 경우 기내발근은 모든 배지에서 뿌리가 발생하지 않 았으며, 새는 MS배지, 소리쟁이는 WPM배지, 장구채는 MS배지, 매듭풀은 1/2MS배지에서 가장 좋은 뿌리생장을 보였다. 잎 갈변은 비수리는 B5배지, 새는 WPM배지, 소리쟁이는 B5배지, 매듭풀은 LP배 지에서 가장 심한 갈변을 보였다. 생존율은 비수리, 소리쟁이, 장구채는 모든배지에서 100% 생존율을 보였으며, 새는 WPM배지에서 25% 생존율을, 매듭풀은 LP배지에서 25%의 낮은 생존율을 나타냈다. 선 발종의 다경줄기를 유도하기 위해 cytokinin을 처리한 결과 비수리의 경우 TDZ 0.5mg/L 처리구, 새는 BA 0.5mg/L, 소리쟁이는 TDZ 0.1mg/L, 장구채는 BA 0.5mg/L, 매듭풀은 BA 0.5mg/L 처리구에서 가장 많은 다경줄기를 형성하였다. cytokinin 처리는 줄기생장, 기내발근 및 다경줄기 유도에 영향을 미쳤다. 기내에서 배양된 식물체는 4종의 인공상토에서 성공적으로 순화되었다. 본 연구 결과들은 내건 성을 가진 5종의 유용식물의 품종개발 및 대량증식에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The ability of plants to endure environmental stress factors, which are going to be more severe due to global warming, is important especially for forest plants. Because obtain trait of resistance to temperature using conventional breeding for woody plants is a time consuming way. In this study, chloroplast-localized OsHSP26 gene was overexpressed in Populus alba L. to breed tolerant transgenic poplar to temperature stress. The plantlets of OsHSP26-overexpressed transgenic poplar showed more heathy phenotypic response than wild-type plants under both prolonged low- and high-temperature stress. While the SPAD value, which refers chlorophyll content, in wild-type plants decreased depending on the exposure time to the temperature stress, higher SPAD value were shown in the transgenic plants. The contents of total phenolic compounds in the transgenic plants were lower than those of the wild-type plants, and not significantly changed except in the treatment of prolonged low-temperature. However, the total flavonoids contents of the transgenic plants were dramatically increased under prolonged temperature stress. The DPPH scavenging activities of the transgenic plants were higher than those of the wild-type plants under temperature stress. Consequently, it was revealed that overexpressing OsHSP26 allow for P. alba to be tolerant to temperature stress.

Priming 처리를 통하여 목본종자의 발아반응을 조사하고, 그에 알맞은 priming 유도 물질과 농도를 구명하고자 하였다. 35종의 목본종자에 6.7% PEG, 0.1mM GA3, 100mM KNO3, 100mM NaCl를 처리한 결과 모든 처리구에서 발아율이 증가하였고, 그 중 GA3의 처리가 가장 좋았다. 각 처리구에서 공통적으로 발아한 6수종에 대한 발아반응 조사를 시행하였다. 평균발아일수는 KNO3와 GA3 처리구에서 가장 많은 수종이 단축되었다. 발아속도는 GA3에서 가장 빨랐다. 발아치는 GA3가 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 발아율이 가장 높았던 GA3의 최적농도를 구명하였다. 수종은 발아율이 높았던 3수종과 발아율이 낮았던 2수종을 이용하였으며, GA3 농도의 경우 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0mM 농도로 각각 처리하였다. 그 결과 대조구에 비하여 모든 처리구에서 발아율, 발아속도, 평균발아일수, 발아치가 향상되었다. 특히 주요목본 수종종자의 발아에 가장 좋은 GA3 농도는 0.1mM로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 발아율이 저조한 목본식물종자의 발아율 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 9종의 국화과 식물을 대상으로, 생리적 특성 및 생화학적 물질을 관찰함으로써 내건성식물 을 선발하였다. 크기와 생장이 균일한 식물체를 선발한 후, 단수처리를 통하여 건조 스트레스를 유발하 였다. 내건성식물 선발을 위해 엽록소함량, 엽록소함량, 상대수분함수량, 상대수분손실량, 프롤린, 환원 당을 단수일로부터 30일동안 관찰하였다. 식물 생존율은 단풍취, 벌개미취, 참취, 좁은잎구절초 순으로 높게 나타났고, 나머지 5종은 고사하였다. 내건성식물 선발을 위한 나머지 요인들은 높은 생존율을 얻 은 식물종을 기준으로 판단되었다. 그러나 엽록소함량은 단풍취, 단양쑥부쟁이, 벌개미취 순으로 높은 값을 보여, 단풍취와 벌개미취를 제외하고는 생존율과 연관성을 갖지 않는다고 판단되었다. 반면에 상 대수분함수량, 상대수분손실량, 프롤린, 환원당에서는 참취, 단풍취, 벌개미취 3종이 상대적으로 높은 내건성식물로 판단되었고, 생존율과도 비슷한 연관성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 국화과 식물 9종 중 참 취, 단풍취, 벌개미취 3종이 상대적으로 내건성이 높다고 판단되었다.

Background: Sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold and Zucc) oil is used as a traditional medicinal material to treat severs stomach inflammation and as a diuretic. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition of antioxidants and blended oil the storage stability and safety of the biomaterial. Methods and Results: The effects of temperature and light on sancho oil were investigated, and the ability of antioxidants in preventing rancidity of the oil was discovered. Under fluorescent light and in darkness, the acidity of the oil was much lower than that under direct sunlight. The addition of antioxidants decreased the acid value of sancho oil; the antioxidant that showed the best results in this regard was 0.5% propolis. The acid value of canola oil, which had the lowest acid value compared with that of other oils, and blended oil, containing 5% canola oil in sancho oil, decreased by 5.5% and 15%, respectively. About one acid value decrease was observed for every 1% increase in blending with canola oil. As the concentration of canola oil increased, the viscosity and the elightness (L valu) of sancho oil increased slightly, while the blueness (b value) decreased. Conclusions: The results of this study may contribute to ensuring food safety during preservation and the industrialization of the presevation of sancho oil.

Background: Sancho oil extracted from Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Siebold & Zucc) is a useful edible oil that has been in use for a long time, but it is known to be susceptible to rancidity. Sancho oil purification can remove impurities to prevent rancidity. This study was performed in order to improve the quality of sancho oil and enhance its availability throughout the purification process. Methods and Results: Sancho oil extracted in Hadong, Korea was refined via the degumming and deoxygenation processes, following which we examined the changes in the polyphenol content, fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of the oil. Acetic acid was effective for deoxygenation of sancho oil and 2 N NaOH was effective for its deoxidation. The polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were reduced by the purification process. Saturated fatty acids contents did not vary with the degumming and deoxygenation processes, however the content of unsaturated fatty acids were slightly reduced. Conclusions: This study suggests that the process of sancho oil purification used in this study will contribute to the increased use and storage of sancho oil.