The objective of this study is to analyze the consumer perception of reusable wreath and present the considerations for introducing the labeling system, and to calculate the social benefits and costs of that. For this, We did an internet survey on the perceptions and willingness-to-pay for reuse wreath to 330 adults. As a result, only 56.1 percent of those who ordered wreath were found to check whether they actually arrived. 73.6% of the respondents had the willingness-to-purchase a reusable wreath if the price was reasonable, and 43.6% were in favor of labeling reused wreath as 'reused wreath'. The social benefits of introducing the reusable currency marking system are about 155,692 million won and the social cost about 43.52 million won. If reusable wreath are not recognized and purchased at the price of new one, economic and emotional losses of domestic horticulture farmers and consumers may occur. Therefore, related agencies will be able to expand sales of domestic flower producers and protect the economic and emotional benefits of consumers if they make efforts to establish and operate a reusable wreath labeling system.

Environmental factors and changes in phytoplankton community structure before (August 5, 2017), during (August 18 and 25) and after (August 30 and September 15) freshwater input were analyzed to investigate the effects of freshwater input from Ganwol and Bunam lakes located in the upper part of Cheonsu Bay. Due to the large amount of freshwater input in the Cheonsu Bay, the surface salinity of the bay decreased by more than 8 psu, and the thermocline existing in the bay during August weakened. In addition, hypoxic phenomena occurred temporarily in the bay as the low oxygen water mass from the freshwater lakes flowed into the bay, and chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, and N/P increased with freshwater inflow. The density of phytoplankton during the freshwater inflow increased owing to their input from the freshwater lakes. Diatom species (Eucampia zodiacus) dominated the phytoplankton community in the bay before freshwater input; nanoflagellates, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, and diatoms (Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, Chateocceros spp.) entered during freshwater input; and after freshwater inflow ended, diatoms (Chateocceros spp.) again became predominant indicating a return to previous conditions. The amount of phytoplankton standing crops increased sharply due to the inflow of freshwater species into the bay on the second day of discharge compared to before freshwater input; pre-discharge conditions were restored at most stations except at some sites close to the Bunam Lake three days after discharge. Therefore, the large amount of freshwater flowing into the bay affects not only the geochemical circulation in the bay but also the phytoplankton community structure. In particular, the high concentration of nutrients in the freshwater lake affect the marine ecosystem of the bay during August.

This study examines consumers’ perception of agricultural products using nuclear power plants waste heat. This study surveyed 348 consumers and found that presenting information about safety of waste heat utilization increased appropriacy of waste heat; after providing the information, the percentage of respondents in favor of using waste heat increased 27.5% point from 38.3% to 65.8%. The most important reason against using waste heat was because it threatened the safety of agricultural products, and the most important reason for its support was to reduce farm production costs. The purchase intention for agricultural products using waste heat had risen by at least 10% point after providing the information about safety of waste heat. Those means that it important provision of accurate and reliable information on the safety of waste heat to encourage the utilization of waste heat from nuclear power plants. Purchase intention for flowers using waste heat was most, followed by vegetables, fruits (including fruits and vegetables).

본 연구는 응집제 자동투입장치를 탈수기 전단에 장착하여 농축슬러지의 플록상태에 따른 고분자 응집제 주입량을 다르게 함으로써 탈수케이크의 함수율 저감 및 응집제 사용량 절감, 탈수여액의 수질개선 등 탈수특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 응집제 자동투입장치를 B시 S하수처리장의 벨트프레스 전단에 적용한 결과 고속회전 및 응집제 분사를 통한 균일한 플록이 형성됨에 따라 기존 시스템 대비 탈수케이크 함수율 및 응집제 주입율 저감효과를 나타내었다. S하수처리장 농축슬러지(TS; Thickened sludge)에 대한 여름철, 가을철 및 겨울철의 기존 시스템 대비 응집제 자동투입장치의 최적 운전조건은 탈수케이크의 함수율 기준으로 판단해 볼 때 각각 DS-P(14%), DS-P(13%) 및 DS-P(12%)로, 이때의 탈수케이크 저감율은 25.3%, 30.7% 및 13.3%를, 고분자 응집제(P; Polymer) 저감율은 17.6%, 16.7% 및 20.0%를 각각 나타내었다. 응집제 자동투입장치의 회전속도와 유입 농축슬러지량 대비 고분자 응집제 주입율과의 상관관계를 평가한 결과 회전속도를 900~1,200 rpm의 범위 내에서 운전시 플록형성이 양호하게 나타났다.

This study analyze the policy efficiency of the environment-friendly farming zone program using data envelopment analysis. On analyzed results, the average policy efficiency is 0.185 and 98.3% of zones are inefficient. 97.8% of zones are in increasing returns to scales. The empirical results indicate that more work need to be done to increase the efficiency of the program.

실험에서는 스틸밴드로 외부보강된 철근콘크리트 부재의 부착강도에 관한 연구를 진행하였으며 총 9개의 실험체를 제작하여 인발 실험을 실시하였다.실험결과 스틸밴드의 수와 초기응력의 증가에 따라 부착강도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 스틸밴드에 의해 가해지는 긴장력으로부터 철근과 콘크리트간 횡방향에 의한 구속력 증가로 판단된다. 변수로한 실험결과들을 통하여 스틸밴드로 외부보강된 철근콘크리트 부재에 관한 부착강도 산정식을 검토하였다.

본 연구는 하수슬러지의 플록상태를 파악할 수 있는 응집제 자동투입장치를 탈수기 전단에 장착하여 하수슬러지(소화슬러지, 농축슬러지) 플록상태에 따른 고분자 응집제 주입량을 다르게 함으로써 탈수케이크의 함수율 저감 및 응집제 사용량 절감, 탈수여액의 수질개선 등을 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 응집제 자동투입장치를 B시 N하수처리장 소화슬러지 및 S하수처리장 농축슬러지에 적용한 결과 고속회전 및 응집제 분사를 통한 균일한 플록이 형성됨에 따라 탈수케이크 함수율 및 응집제 주입율 저감효과를 나타내었다. 하수슬러지의 탈수실험 결과 소화슬러지에 대한 고분자 응집제의 적정주입율은 12%로 나타났으며, 이때의 비저항계수(SRF)는 1.11×1011 m/kg으로 나타났다. 또한, 농축슬러지에 대한 고분자 응집제의 적정주입율은 16%로 나타났으며, 이때의 비저항계수(SRF)는 1.68×1011 m/kg으로 나타났다. 또한 응집제 자동투입장치의 회전속도와 유입 하수슬러지량 대비 고분자 응집제 주입율과의 상관관계를 평가한 결과 회전속도를 900~1,200 rpm의 범위 내에서 운전시 플록형성이 양호하게 나타났다. 기존 시스템 대비 응집제 자동투입장치의 경제성 평가 결과 N하수처리장 및 S하수처리장의 경우 각각 연간 263,542,490원 및 42,174,700원으로 산출되었으며, 시설투자비 회수기간은 각각 2.3년 및 7.1년으로 나타났다. 따라서, 하수처리장 탈수기 전단에 응집제 자동투입장치를 적용함으로써 함수율 및 약품주입량 저감 뿐만 아니라 중앙제어실을 통한 실시간 모니터링이 가능하므로 인력감축 유도 및 공정자동화에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study targets the development of technologies of reclaimed noise blocking engineering to improve endurance which may unify noise-blocking construction against noise and vibration and earthquake-preventive construction during rebuilding. This paper is to find the validity of construction methodology with RC beam additional materials to apply to slab and walls.

In this Study, the dynamic movement of concrete bounded by steel-band on reinforced-concrete column the external sides of which were reinforced by steel band has been evaluated as a case of post-tension engineering. Total five different experimental objectives were made and the rate of deformation of each binding concrete depending on different binding power forced to steel-band and locations of primary roots and different interval distances between reinforcing materials been checked.

In this Study, Manufacturing 9 Specimens objects for the experiment, the attaching strength between concrete and each reinforcing rod has been reviewed with variables like the different binding effect depending on the number of primary root, concrete-installing direction, location of primary root, and binding power loaded to steel band. The last destructed phase of experimented objectives and their attaching strengths between concrete and reinforcing rod have been evaluated.

The Purpose of this paper is to analysis on consumer’s purchasing behavior and intention of local food. To analysis consumer’s purchasing behavior, a series of homemaker surveys were conducted. The sample size of the survey is 416 respectively. As a survey result, consumer’s purchasing behavior shows that purchasing ratio of local food and buying place is various type. By decision tree model analysis showed that consumer’s purchasing intention is enough to establishing local food system in region. Therefore, strategies for regional consumption are needed expression of the place city and county of origin, diversification of purchasing item and buying area, and sustainable improvement for safety and trust on local food.

본 연구는 부산광역시 하수슬러지 처리공정 중 탈수기에 유입되는 배관부에 하수슬러지의 플록상태를 파악할 수 있는 응집제 자동주입장치를 장착하여 하수슬러지 플록상태에 따른 적정 응집제 주입량을 다르게 함으로써 탈수효율 향상 및 응집제 사용량을 감소시키고, 나아가 하수슬러지의 건조효율을 증가시키는데 그 목적이 있다. Pilot-scale 응집제 자동주입장치는 B시 소재 N하수처리장의 원심탈수기 전단에 설치하여 2013년 8월 7일 ~ 16일(10일간)동안 운전하였다. 또한, 응집제 자동투입장치의 설치시 운전상의 문제 발생시에 대비하여 bypass관을 설치하여, 기존 시스템으로 전환이 용이할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 고분자 응집제 주입율은 기존 시스템에서 운영하고 있는 유입슬러지량 대비 고분자 응집제 주입율인 14%를 기준으로 운전을 실시하였으며, 응집제 주입율을 11%에서 9%까지 점차적으로 낮추어 가면서 적정 운전조건을 찾고자 하였다. 응집제 자동투입장치를 원심탈수기 전단에 적용한 결과 고속회전 및 응집제 분사를 통한 균일한 플록이 형성됨에 따라 탈수케이크 함수율 및 응집제 주입율 저감효과를 나타내었다. 기존 시스템 대비 응집제 자동투입장치의 운전조건별(DS-P(11%), DS-P(10%) 및 DS-P(9%)) 탈수케이크의 함수율은 기존 함수율 82.4%에서 각각 80.6(저감량 1.8%), 80.9(저감량 1.5%) 및 81.5%(저감량 0.8%)의 높은 탈수효율을 나타내었다. 또한, 응집제 저감율은 DS-P(11%), DS-P(10%) 및 DS-P(9%)에서 각각 21.4, 28.6 및 35.7%를 나타내었다. 또한, 기존 시스템(DS-P(14%); COD 179.2 mg/L, SS 139.3 mg/L) 대비 응집제 자동투입장치의 운전조건별(DS-P(11%), DS-P(10%) 및 DS-P(9%)) 탈수여액 중 COD 및 SS의 농도는 각각 66.2, 76.4, 81.5 mg/L 및 12.0, 19.3, 55.6 mg/L를 나타내었다. 따라서, 하수처리장 탈수기 전단에 응집제 자동주입장치를 적용함으로써 함수율 및 약품주입량 저감 뿐만 아니라 인력감축 유도 및 중앙제어실을 통한 실시간 모니터링이 가능하므로 공정자동화에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The Purpose of this paper is to suggest sustainable strategies of the project for developing large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LSEAD). This study used assessment 3 indicators, efficiency, impact and sustainability of environmentfriendly agricultural certification area and farmers, management situations of croplivestock circulation center, educations for environment-friendly farming, changes of farmer’s income and so on. This project has contributed to develop environment-friendly agriculture and model of LSEAD. And for sustainable development of LSEAD, it is necessary to renovate crop-livestock circulation centers, promote organic farming of resource-circulation type, converse to non-pesticide or organic farming of low pesticide one, do active marketing activities, establish a governance system of business projects and so forth.

This study revealed that seismic retrofit technology which has to conduct seismic retrofit work after removing facing walls from a reinforced concrete structured building constructed with masonry walls and facing walls, bears disadvantages of additional costs both for removal of facing walls and for brick masonry and possibility to incur the secondary damage from collapse of facing walls. Therefore, this study aims to develop a seismic retrofit technique and examines its performance which can yield sufficient seismic retrofit effect without additional retrofit of facing walls by forming a pile-bent reinforced concrete walls with facing walls after removing masonry walls.

FRP has higher design tensile strength than steel bar and outstanding characteristics such as light-weight, non-corrosion, and lower conductivity. And, current researchers evaluated flexural performances of flexural members using FRP and suggested the development length and splice length by using bonding failure test. This Researchers has the main purpose to examine the quality of bonding failure in the lap spliced FRP and deformed bar. Variables in this test with total 208 specimens planned are re-bar location, embedment length, covering depth, re-bar diameter. And, this study describes the result of our review on the bonding strength of the lap-spliced FRP and the deformed bar located at the bottom.

The Purpose of this paper is to analysis on farmer’s awareness and satisfaction level of the project for developing large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LSEAD). To analysis farmer’s awareness and satisfaction level, a series of farm household surveys were conducted on farmers, take part in the project for developing LSEAD. The sample size of the survey is 80 respectively. As a survey result, awareness and practical use of facilities & equipment shows a little different outcome. Satisfaction level of the project for developing LSEAD is summarized as follows. Influence on disposal of livestock excretions and farmer’s consciousness change appears 4.47 and spreading environment-friendly agriculture 4.44, distribution of environment-friendly agricultural product 4.33, and demand of environment-friendly agricultural materials 4.04. In order to sustainable development of LSEAD, a governance system should be established.

The Purpose of this paper is to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment-Friendly agriculture based on farm awareness analysis. To analysis farm management, a series of farm household surveys were conducted on farmers residing in Embong-Myun. The sample size of the survey is 108 respectively. As a survey result, satisfaction level about market stability and understanding of upper organization is high, on the contrary, awareness of related organization is low in a relative sense. Most of farmers reveal their intention to sustain environment- Friendly agriculture but future agriculturalist and an ageing society that one face as well. In order to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment- Friendly agriculture, an infrastructure should be consistently expanded. On the other hand, self-supporting ability of farmer’s organization and education system attempt to expand for sustainability.

The objectives of this study were to establish of resource cycling agricultural system focused on farmer’s organization. Case is selected as the farming corporation for the regional agriculture considering the amount of sowing by-products and livestock by-products generated. As a result, generation of fertilizer ingredient depend on feces and urine of Korean native cattle is estimated nitrogen 7.7 ton, phosphoric acid 2.9 ton, and potassium 4.9 ton. On the other hand, generation of fertilizer ingredient demand in cultivated acreage is estimated nitrogen 42.4 ton, phosphoric acid 14.3 ton, am! potassium 17.0 ton. Therefore, optimum livestock numbers is estimated 1,867 cattle and it means 1,468 cattle can be raise additionally. In order to complete the resource cycling agricultural system, it should be establish nutrient management system at all of organization level and achieve improvements in regional resource supply. Both economic value of organic fertilizer and the resource cycling system linked market system is considered to develop resource cycling level.