This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mulberry leaf mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis. As a result of adding mulberry leaves to oak fermented sawdust, the survival rate of P. brevitarsis larvae were higher than those of the control when mass rearing larvae. When fed oak fermented sawdust with 5%, 10% and 20% of mulberry leaves, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 93.1% at 65 days, 95.6% at 55 days, and 93.9% at 55 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively. Also, heavy metals were not detected in larvae of P. brevitarsis fed on mulberry leaves.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of mulberry cake mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis. As a result of adding mulberry cake to oak fermented sawdust and mulberry fermented sawdust, the survival rate of P. brevitarsis larvae were higher than those of the control when mass rearing larvae. When fed oak fermented sawdust with 3, 5% and 10% of mulberry cake, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 92.9% at 65 days, 90.8% at 55 days, and 96.3% at 45 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively. When fed mulberry fermented sawdust with 3%, 5% and 10% of mulberry cake, the cumulative proportion of larvae over 2.5g was 86.2% at 85 days, 90.7% at 75 days, and 91.5% at 75 days after rearing at 25±1℃, respectively.

전라북도는 곤충사육농가의 77%인 121농가가 흰점박이꽃무지를 사육하고 있고 농가수의 증가가 예상됨에 따라, 생산단가를 절감시키면서 효율적인 사육을 위해서는 사육환경을 최적으로 유지하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 뽕나무발효톱밥을 이용하여 유충사육밀도에 따른 유충발육상황을 조사하였다. 최적 사육밀도 설정을 위하여 전라북도 사육농가에서 가장 많이 사용하는 20L 크기의 사육 상자에 각각 100, 125, 150, 175, 200마리 흰점박이꽃무지 유충을 넣고 뽕나무발효톱밥을 2/3정도 채운 후 사육하면서 유충무게변화, 생존율 등을 조사하였다. 부화 후 95일 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 생존율은 평균 81%로 사육밀도별 큰 차이가 없었다. 유충 무게는 100마리/20L 사육 시 2.219g로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 사육밀도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. 유충 영양성분 조사결과 단백질 52.8g/100g, 지방 11.8g/100g이었으며, 중금속은 검출되지 않았다.

This study was conducted to develop a technology for environmentally friendly control of Bemisia tabaci by a push-pull strategy in tomato greenhouse. B. tabaci was most attracted to the light source of 520nm, whereas it showed an avoidance response to the complex light treatment of 450+660nm. Two natural enemies, Nesidiocoris tenis and Orius laevigatus were attracted to 520nm. B. tabaci was repellent to volatile organic compounds, ocimene and carvacrol, while methyl isonicotinate showed attractant response. When buckwheat was added into the greenhouse, the density of N. tenis was maintained at about 16 times higher for 15 days. As a result of the combined treatment of push-pull strategy, the density of B. tabaci was 3 times lower and the control effect increased with time and reached up to 68.7%.

Excessive intake of red meat has been associated with colon carcinogenesis. The effect of hemin and zinc on colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male ICR mice. After acclimation for 1 week, five-week-old mice received three s.c. injections (0-2nd weeks of the experiment) of azoxymethane (AOM; 10 mg/kg b.w.) weekly and were treated by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for the next 1 week to induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Mice were fed on AIN-76A purified rodent diet for 6 weeks. There were three experimental groups; control, hemin, and hemin + zinc groups. The daily oral doses of hemin and zinc were 534 mg/kg and 55 mg/kg b.w., respectively. After staining colonic mucosa with 0.2% methylene blue, the ACF, aberrant crypts (AC), and polyps were counted. Lipid peroxidation in liver was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The numbers of AC, ACF, large ACF (i.e., ≥4 AC/ACF), and polyps in the hemin group were higher than those in the control group. In hemin + zinc group, the numbers of AC, ACF, large ACF were significantly lower compared to the hemin or control groups (p < 0.05), and the number of polyps was also significantly lower compared to that in the hemin group (p < 0.05). The TBARS level in the livers of the hemin + zinc group was significantly lower than that of the hemin group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that hemin enhances colon carcinogenesis and that co-treatment with zinc can protect against the induction of colon carcinogenesis.

This study was aimed to determine the effects of hybrid and inoculant on in vitro rumen digestibility and rumen fermentation indices of corn silage. Two corn hybrids(Kwangpyeongok (KW) vs. Pioneer 1543(PI)) were ensiled for 100 days with two inoculants(L. plantarum(LP) vs. L. buchneri(LB)) applied at 1.2 × 105 cfu/g of fresh forage. Silages were incubated in rumen fluid medium at 39℃ for 72 hours. Both of KW and PI had no difference(p>0.05) on in vitro digestibility of dry matter(IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber(IVNDFD), while application of LB produced higher(p<0.05) IVDMD and IVNDFD than LP. Hybrid and inoculant applications did not affect(p>0.05) total gas volume, ammonia-N, total VFA, and acetate concentrations in the rumen. Applied LB was higher(p<0.05) propionate concentration than LP, while hybrids had no effect(p>0.05). Furthermore, the interaction effect(p<0.05) was occurred in propionate concentration. Butyrate concentration did not affected(p>0.05) by hybrid and inoculant applications, but there was an interaction effect between hybrid and inoculant(p<0.05). Applications of hybrid and inoculant had effects(p<0.05) on iso-butyrate and valerate, without any interaction effects(p>0.05). This study concluded that application of KW and PI has no effects on in vitro rumen digestibility and rumen fermentation indices of corn silage, while application of LB increase the rumen digestibility in both of corn hybrids.

The present study aimed to investigate rapid weight loss (RWL) and consequent physical and psychological challenges among judo athletes at the national athlete training center in 2017. The following results were obtained. Judo athletes used weight loss methods such as “gradually reduce meal portion,” “skip meals,” “limit water intake,” “wear sweat suit for training,” and “use sauna,” and had physical and mental distress from such unhealthy weight management practices. Information about weight loss was obtained from “colleagues or senior athletes,” “Internet,” and “head coach or coach,” and not experts such as nutritionists or physicians. Thus, athletes are recommended to employ healthy weight control methods based on advice from experts, such as nutritionists and physicians

This epidemiological study aims to determine the incidence, areas, severity, and time of occurrence of sports injuries in elite female rowing athletes who were training at the Jincheon National Training Center for a 1-year period from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. According to the daily injury reports form of the IOC, sport events, weight division, injured area, and cause of injury were recorded, and the following results were found. Upon comparing the incidence of sports injuries, there was a significant difference in weight of double scull athletes. In terms of sports, there was a significant difference between pair and athletes who played double skull. Injuries occurred most commonly in the lower extremity (40.5%), followed by the trunk (35.1%), upper extremity (24.3%). for all athletes in rowing. The knee and lumbar spine/lower back were the most common injury sites. More than 60% of all injuries were Level III, and injuries occurred most frequently during training, followed by weight training and then competition.

Stroke can cause leg weakness, sensory abnormalities, and balance disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic taping on postural sway in patients with stroke. This study randomly applied elastic taping to 20 patients with stroke in two ways. The center of pressure (COP) distribution was measured before and after the elastic taping. The measurement variables were COP area and length, and measurements were performed immediately after taping. The elastic taping on tibialis anterior muscle showed a significant decrease in COP area and length compared to that without elastic taping. The elastic taping on gastrocnemius muscles showed a significant decrease in COP area and length compared to that without elastic taping. There was no significant difference in COP area and length between the elastic taping on tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscles. Our results suggested that applying elastic taping on the ankle joints is effective in decreasing postural sway after in patients with stroke.

1. 본 연구는 한국 재래종 강낭콩 209자원의 phytochemical 및 항산화활성을 평가하였다. 2. 항산화활성은 DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD를 분석하였으며 phytochemical은 kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin 함량을 각각 분석하였다. 3. 항산화활성은 강낭콩 자원 간 다양한 분포를 보였으며 DPPH의 경우 62.3~643.9 (IC50), ABTS의 경우 0.28~1.49 mgAAE/g, FRAP의 경우 0.41~5.44 mgAAE/g, SOD의 경우 50.4 ~ 299.8 (IC50)로 나타났다. 4. Relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI)로 강낭콩 자원의 항산화활성을 비교한 결과 IT104587이 가장 높은 항산화활성을 보였으며 IT189598이 가장 낮은 항산화활성을 보였다. 5. 분석된 Phytochemical 중에서 한국 재래종 강낭콩에서는 Kaempferol이 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 6. PCA 분석 결과 209자원은 3개의 그룹으로 나뉘었으며 이중 그룹 III에 속한 46자원의 강낭콩이 낮은 항산화활성 및 phytochemical 함량을 보였다. 7. 본 연구 결과는 한국 재래종 강낭콩의 항산화활성 및 phytochemical 정보를 제공하며 이 정보는 강낭콩 품종 개발을 위한 기초 정보로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) may cause diarrhea and enterotoxemia in adult and young livestock, leading to problems in the production and management of farms. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from 25 goat farms located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in the Republic of Korea. Sixteen C. perfringens strains were isolates from fecal samples, and the isolates were identified as type A (n=11) and type D (n=5). Additionally, α- and ε-toxin genes were detected in 16 and 5 strains by PCR, respectively, and the enterotoxin gene was presented in 2 strains. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test method. In the disk diffusion method, ampicillin (n=16) and chloramphenicol (n=15) were highly susceptible to 16 C. perfringens isolates. In the E-test method, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem were susceptible to more than 14 of 16 C. perfringens isolates. This study indicates that administration of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem can prevent and treat C. perfringens infections in goats.

This study investigated the characteristics of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HD) over 13 weeks in Rhbdf2 gene knockout (KO) mice. Forty 7-week-old Rhbdf2 wild and KO mice were used and the mice were divided into 4 groups: Wild-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, normal diet (ND)), Wild-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 wild mice, HD), KO-ND (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, ND) and KO-HD (n=10, Rhbdf2 KO mice, HD). The relative epididymal fat weight in KO-HD was significantly increased compared with that in KO-ND (P<0.01). The relative liver and spleen weights in KO-HD were decreased compared with those in Wild-HD (p < 0.05) and KO-ND (p < 0.01). The mRNA expression of SOD1 in KO-ND was significantly reduced compared with that in Wild-ND (p < 0.05). In Wild-ND and HD, the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in epididymal fat were significantly increased compared with those in KO-ND and HD (p < 0.01). A significant increase of TNF- α and IL-6 mRNA expression was observed in KO-HD compared with KO-ND (p < 0.01). These results indicated that Rhbdf2 genes may regulate high fat diet-induced obesity damage by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles in fat tissue of mice.

To investigate effects of starvation on physiological changes, stress response, and survival of cobitid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) exposed to sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a 4- week experiment was conducted. Fewer fish survived in the starved group than those in the fed group during the experiment. Starvation resulted in growth retardation, leading to differences in body length and body depth between fed and starved groups. The fed gorup continued to grow and remained in good condition. Blood chemical analysis (plasma cortisol and glucose) showed significant differences in stress response to nitrite exposure between fed and starved groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that all parameters employed in this study to assess effects of starvation with NaNO2 stress are useful information for researching nutritional status in cobitid loach.

Two dimensional(2D) crystals, composed of a single layer or a few atomic layers extracted from layered materials are attracting researchers’ interest due to promising applications in the nanoelectromechanical systems. Worldwide researchers are preparing devices with suspended 2D materials to study their physical and electrical properties. However, during the fabrication process of 2D flakes on a target substrate, contamination occurs, which makes the measurement data less reliable. We propose a dry transfer method using poly-methyl methacrylate(PMMA) for the 2D flakes to transfer onto the targeted substrate. The PMMA is then removed from the device by an N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution and a critical point dryer, which makes the suspended 2D flakes residue free. Our method provides a clean, reliable and controllable way of fabricating micrometer-sized suspended 2D nanosheets.