With the development of globalization, exchanges and cooperation between countries sub-regions have been promoted day by day. China and India are not only the most populous countries in the world, but also the largest developing countries in Asia. Strengthening exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in the political, economic, social and cultural fields will not only make outstanding contributions to peace and development in Asia and the world at large. However, due to historical and practical reasons, the exchanges and cooperation between China and India need to be improved in terms of both depth and breadth. In the 21st century, as an effective response to the impact of globalization, the development of transnational education cooperation has increasingly become an important aspect of Sino-Indian exchanges and cooperation. However, due to the problems left over from history, political mutual trust, social and cultural differences, inadequate economic exchanges and other problems, Sino-Indian exchanges and cooperation have shown inadequate and imperfect and other problems. In 2013, after the “BRI” put forward, India, a big country in South Asia known for its “inclusiveness”, showed a “skeptical” and “negative” attitude towards it. “Civilizations communicate because of diversity, learn from each other, and develop because of mutual learning”, while “people are the best carrier for civilization exchanges.” Therefore, in this context, China and India need to strengthen education cooperation in order to better realize the exchanges and mutual learning between the civilizations of the two countries.