In order to reconstruct a benthic foodweb structure and assess the role of benthic microalgaes as a diet source for benthos, we analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of diverse benthos (bivalves, crustaceans, gastropods and fishes) and potential diets (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass, and macroalgaes) in the intertidal mudflat surrounding Yeongheung Island. The δ13C values of the diets indicated wide ranges (- 26.5‰ to - 8.4‰) while benthos showed a small range of δ13C values (-12.1‰ to - 17.8‰), although they were in the same range. Except for green algaes among the macroalgaes as well as sedimentary organic matter, δ15N values of the diet candidates (5.7±1.0‰) were lighter in comparison to those of the benthos (11.8±1.9‰). Based on the δ13C and δ15N data, the benthos were classified into 3 groups, indicating a different diet and trophic position. But benthic microalgae is the most important diet source for all three benthos groups based on their stable isotope ratios, suggesting benthic microalgae should be a main diet to the intertidal ecosystem. Hence this study highlights that the biomass of benthic microalgae as biological resource should be evaluated for the management of the intertidal ecosystem of Yeongheung Island.

Crop yield insurance program in Korea has rapidly grown not only in quantity but in quality for 15 years since it was introduced in 2001. Despite growth of Crop insurance, performance evaluation for crop yield insurance has not fully been evaluated at the farm, consumer and national level. The purpose of this study is to conduct the performance evaluation for crop yield insurance through estimating the effects of farm revenue stabilization and social welfare increase with three popular insurance items: apple, pear and sweet persimmon. Based on the analysis of social welfare effect, cost-benefit analysis of operating crop yield insurance was conducted at the national level. We found that crop yield insurance stabilizes farm revenue based on the estimated four risk indicators: Coefficient of Variation, Value at Risk, Certainty Equivalence, and Risk Premium. The result of cost-benefit analysis shows that crop yield insurance increases social net benefit by 44.1 billion won for the three items. As a result, crop yield insurance program has contributed remarkably on social welfare as well as farm management and its role will be more important in the future.

Purpose: The study was to identify the differences between individuals' own health risk perceptions and those of others at the same age. Moreover, this study tried to explore the differences in perception bias toward health risks by gender and the physical activity level. Methods: Three hundred fifty questionnaires were initially distributed to company employees and sports center members. Among them, total 332 were finally used in this study(male: 166, female: 166, Mage=49.32 years). Self and other risk judgment profile was revised into Korean and applied in the study. Frequency analysis and independent t-test were carried out by SPSS 23.0. Results: Results indicated that middle-aged adults tend to have unrealistic perceptions of their vulnerability to most health risks and perceive their own likelihood of encountering all health risks events as lower than that of others. In addition, the finding revealed that there were significant differences in perception bias toward to health risks by gender and the physical activity level. Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it made a unique contribution to the existing knowledge about middle-aged adults' health risk perceptions.

Purpose: The current study explored physical activity and its influencing factors in a random sample of community adults, and tested causal relationship among psychological, social, and physical environmental variables to explain physical activity. Methods: A total of 812 adults over 30 years old who reside in Gangbuk-gu, Nowon-gu, and Seongbuk-gu, Seoul were voluntarily participated in the study. Standardized scales were used to measure physical activity and its related social ecological variables. Results: The findings indicated that physical activity was significantly correlated with all of the social ecological variables. All of psychological, social environmental, and physical environmental variables had a significant direct path to explain physical activity. In addition, self-efficacy and perceived benefits significantly mediated the relationship between family support and physical activity, and while the relationship between availability of facilities and physical activity was substantially mediated by perceived barriers. Conclusion: This study provides useful information in developing and implementing intervention strategies that promote greater engagement in physical activity among middle aged adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences among exercise self-schema, exercise imagery, exercise self efficacy and physical activity by gender, age, stages of changes and to identify structural relationship among exercise self-schema, exercise imagery, exercise self efficacy and physical activity of adults. Methods: Six hundred questionnaires were initially distributed to college students, company employees and sports center members. Among them, total 569 were finally used in this study(male: 288, female:281, Mage=38.36). Exercise self-schema inventory, exercise imagery inventory, exercise self-efficacy scale and weekly leisure-time exercise questionnaire were revised into Korean and applied in the study. Frequency analysis, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were carried out to test the possible relationship among exercise self-schema, exercise imagery, exercise self efficacy and physical activity. All analyses were conducted by SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18. Results: Results indicated that there was significant differences in exercise self-schema, exercise imagery, exercise self efficacy, and physical activity by gender, age, and the stages of exercise changes. And results indicated that there was positive relationship among exercise self-schema, exercise imagery, exercise self efficacy and physical activity of adults. Conclusion: This study suggests that cognitive intervention strategies aimed at exercise self-schema and exercise imagery could be significant to promote physical activity.

Purpose: The current study explored differences in psychosocial variables by the physical activity stages in a random sample of middle aged adults, and identified the relationship of physical activity with psychosocial variables. Methods: A total of 426 adults aged from 40 to 59 years old who reside in Nowon-gu, Seoul were voluntarily participated in the study. The study participants responded stage of change scale for physical activity, global physical activity questionnaire, self-efficacy scale, decisional balance scale, and social support. Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, MANOVA, Correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied using SPSS 20.0. Results: Results indicated that except perceived barriers self-efficacy, perceived benefits, friend support, and family support increased significantly across the stages of physical activity. Furthermore, based on the regression analysis, the most important predictors of physical activity in a descending order of significance were family support, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and friend support, and family support The total variance in physical activity explained by these variables was 48%. Conclusion: The present study offers a starting point for practical interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels of middle aged adults in healthcare settings, and also encourages and supports healthcare providers who are working in the community to increase their knowledge of physical activity and its related psychosocial variables.

본 연구는 신체활동과 심리수정을 토대로 한 비만관리 프로그램이 남자비만청소년들의 체중감소와 신체 활동수준 및 심리적 변인을 변화시키는데 효과가 있는지를 확인하는데 그 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 서울시 N구에 소재한 C중학교 남학생중, 체질량이 25kg/m2인 비만학생 86명이 자발적으로 비만관리 프로그램에 참여하였다. 비만관리 프로그램은 12주간 줄넘기 운동 (주 3회)과 심리수정 전략(주 2회)으로 구성되어 있으며, 1회 40분씩 실시되었다. 여가시간 신체활동 질문지, 운동자신감 질문지, 의사결정균형질문지가 연구참여자들의 신체활동 및 관련된 심리적 변인의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 사용되었다. 연구 참여자들의 일반적 특성은 기술분석에 의해 제시되었으며, 비만관리 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 반복측정분산분석이 수행되었다. 비만청소년들의 체질량은 비만관리 프로그램을 통해 유의하게 감소 하였고 (F=4.89, p=.007), 신체활동량은 유의하게 증가하였다 (F=3.87, p=.025). 또한, 비만청소년들의 신체활동 자신감(F=4.38, p=.016)과 신체활동이득에 대한 지각 (F=4.07, p=.021)은 유의하게 증가한 반면, 신체활동의 지각된 장애요인 (F=4.15, p=.023)은 유의하게 감소하였다. 본 연구는 비만과학 및 운동과학 영역에서 비만관리 프로그램을 계획하고 적용하는데 있어 신체활동 뿐만 아니라, 신체활동에 영향을 주는 다양한 심리적 특성의 중요성을 고려하여야 한다는 것으로 제안한다.

본 연구는 청소년들을 대상으로 체중조건에 따라 신체활동량, 동기적 행동규제에 차이가 있는지를 조사하였다. 또한, 본 연구는 신체활동에 대한 체지방량 및 동기적 행동규제의 영향을 확인하고, 체지방량이 신체활동과 동기적 행동규제 간의 관련성을 효과적으로 중재하는지를 검증하였다. 서울시 N구에 소재한C중학교 학생 487명이 자신의 체지방량에 따라 정상체중집단(255명), 과체중집단(141명), 비만집단(91명)으로 분류되어 연구에 참여하였다. 연구참여자들의 신체활동량과 동기적 행동규제 특성을 측정하기 위하여 신체활동질문지와 신체활동 행동규제질문지가 사용되었다. 연구참여자들의 신체활동량은 정상체중,과체중, 비만청소년들 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 신체활동에 대한 동기적 행동규제또한 세 집단 간에 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 신체활동, 체지방량, 동기적 행동규제 변인들은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 체지방량, 외적규제, 확인규제, 내적규제는 신체활동을 설명하는데 있어 유의하게 작용하였으나, 체지방량은 신체활동과 행동규제 간의 관련성을 중재하는데는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 과체중 및 비만청소년들의 신체활동의 시작과 지속에 가장 크게 기여하는 동기특성을 이해하는데 있어 의미 있는 자료를 제공한다.

본 연구는 개인의 신체활동은 다양한 변인들이 관련되어 있는 복잡한 건강행동이라는 것을 전제로 노인들을 대상으로 사회생태학적 모형의 구성요인인 개인적 변인, 사회적 환경 변인, 물리적 환경 변인이 신체활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다. 서울시 S구에 거주하는 65세이상 노인 290명(남자 노인=87, 여자노인=203, 평균연령 M= 68.56세, SD=6.79) 이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 신체활동단계질문지, 자기효능감질문지, 의사결정질문지, 사회적지지질문지, 물리적환경질문지가 노인들의 신체활동과 그와 관련된 변인들을 측정하기 위하여 사용되었다. 결과에 따르면, 본 연구에 참여한 노인들 대부분 (70.7%, 200명)이 규칙적으로 신체활동에 참여하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 신체활동단계의 분포는 성, 교육수준, 동거형태 등의 개인적 변인에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 노인들의 신체활동과 관련된 자기효능감, 운동이득지각, 가족의 지지, 물리환경 등은 신체활동단계에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 사회생태학적 변인들은 신체활동단계를 설명하는데 28%의 설명력을 보였으며, 자기효능감이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 신체활동 참여를 증가시키기 위해 개인의 심리특성 수정을 기본으로 한 지지적 환경구축 전략을 마련하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.