목적 : 본 연구는 시각장애인을 대상으로 디지털 점자 보조기기를 이용한 점자 훈련 프로그램을 적용하여 점자 촉지 수준 의 변화와 점자 관련 일상 활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 단일집단 사전-사후 비교 설계를 사용하였다. 서울과 강원 지역의 시각장애 관련 기관 2곳에서 모집 한 시각장애인 8명에게 8주간 점자 훈련 프로그램을 진행하였다. 점자 훈련 프로그램은 스마트폰에서 구동되는 점자 학습 앱과 블루투스로 연결된 디지털 점자 보조기기를 사용하였다. 점자 훈련은 주 1회 1시간 시행되었고 추가로 훈련일 제외 주 4일 반복 연습을 자율적으로 시행하도록 독려하였다. 점자 촉지 수준의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구에서 조작적 정의를 통해 계산한 촉지율과 점자 관련 일상 활동에서의 어려움 정도를 알아보기 위한 K-IPPA검사를 훈련 전, 후로 측정하여 결과를 비교하였다. 결과 : 대상자들은 훈련 프로그램 이후 촉지율이 평균 43%에서 98%로 향상되었고 K-IPPA검사로 측정한 점자 관련 일 상 활동의 어려움이 평균 18점에서 15점으로 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 디지털 점자 보조기기를 이용한 점자 훈련 프로그램은 자립적으로 점자 촉지를 향상시키는데 효과적이었으며, 추 후 국내 점자 교육과 관련한 제한점을 해결할 수 있는 적절한 대안이 될 것으로 생각된다.

목적 : 본 연구는 직업재활시설에 종사하는 장애인 근로자의 직무수행능력을 강화하기 위해 활용할 수 있는 직무훈련 도 구를 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 문헌 및 설문조사를 통해 장애인 근로자의 주요 직무를 조사한 후, 전문가 초점집단면접을 거쳐 직무훈련 도구 를 개발하였다. 개발된 도구는 직업재활시설 종사자 20명을 대상으로 타당도 검증을 하였다. 결과 : 장애인 근로자가 가장 많이 종사한 직무로 조립과 포장 직무가 도출되었으며, 최종적으로 타공판 조립 3개 과제와 문구류 조립 4개 과제를 직무훈련 도구로 개발하였다. 직무훈련 도구 개발에 사용된 기준지표인 ‘적절성, 효과성, 효율 성, 지속가능성’ 지표로 타당도를 검증한 결과, ‘효과성, 효율성’ 측면에서 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 직무훈련 도구는 직업재활시설에 종사하는 장애인 근로자와 훈련생의 직무수행능력 향상 을 위한 직무훈련 프로그램에서 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Weaning stress is the most common issue in weanling pigs, and increases diarrhea and mortality. Various wavelengths of light irradiation affect the body owing to the association with biophotons. Biophotons are very weak photons in the visible light range generated during metabolic and chemical reactions in vivo. Immune mechanisms are activated by increasing signal transmission between cells through biophoton emission. This study evaluated the influence of ultra-weak light (LED) on growth performance, antioxidant status, and stress of weaned piglets. A total of 120 weaned pigs with an average initial body weight of 7.04±0.01 kg (age: 21 d) were allotted to two treatments (Control and LED) with 10 replicates. Diets prepared in pellet form were administered to the pigs in three phases including Phase 1 (0–14 d), Phase 2 (15–28 d), and Phase 3 (29–42 d). At the end of the study, the average daily gain (8.96%, p<0.05) and feed efficiency (6.56%, p<0.05) of pigs was significantly increased at phase 3 in the LED treatment. Low concentration of malondialdehyde (12.58%, p<0.05) and high concentrations of glutathione reductase (7.41%, p<0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (5.48%, p<0.05) were observed in the LED treatment at Day 42. The concentration of hair cortisol was also decreased (24.05%, p<0.05) in the LED treatment at Day 42. In conclusion, the use of LED for weanling pigs is recommended to improve growth performance by modulating antioxidant capacity and cortisol level in hair.

스마트팜형 시설 딸기에 예찰 없이 작물 정식 초기에 천적을 먼저 적용하는 생태공학적 Natural Enemy in First (NEF) 기법이 총채벌레류 와 진딧물류의 밀도에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 대조구는 약제를 처리하여 비교하였다. NEF 처리구에서 총채벌레류와 진딧물류의 천적과 서식 처로 참멋애꽃노린재와 Portulaca sp.를 적용하여 작기 종료시점까지 해충의 밀도를 대조구와 유사하게 효과적으로 관리할 수 있었다.

참두메부추(Allium spirale Willd.)는 관상 및 식용식물로 서 가치가 높다. 그러나, 참두메부추의 육묘를 위한 생육조 건에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 육묘 플러그 셀 크기, 차광율 및 시비처리가 참두메부추의 유묘 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 플러그 셀 크기는 용 적이 가장 큰 105셀에서 생육이 가장 우수하였다. 생육지표 중 초장과 근장은 60% 차광처리에서 상대적으로 높게 측정 되어 생육이 우수하였다. 속효성 고형비료[DO-Peters(N:P:K= 20:20:20)는 셀 당 100mg을 시비했을 때 근수와 근장의 수치 가 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 속효성 액체비료 Peters(N:P:K= 20:20:20)는 8mL씩 주 2회 시비한 처리구에서 초장과 엽수 의 수치가 가장 높았다. 따라서 참두메부추 유묘의 초기 생육 에 있어서 속효성 고형비료는 100mg, 액체비료는 8mL를 주 2회 시비하는 것이 적절하였다. 참두메부추는 원예상토가 충 진된 105셀 플러그 트레이에 종자를 파종한 후 DO-PRO 100mg 또는 Peters 8mL를 주 2회 엽면시비하면서 60% 차 광조건에서 재배하는 것이 효과적이었다.

본 연구는 상사의 코칭리더십이 심리적임파워먼트와 직무열의를 통하여 혁신 행동에 미치는 구조적 경로를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 300명 이상 기업에 근무하는 종업원을 대상으로 자료를 수집하고, 구조방정식을 활용하여 연구가설을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 코칭리더십은 혁신행동, 심리적 임파워먼트, 직무열의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심리적 임파워먼트는 혁신행동과 직무열 의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 직무열의는 혁신행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 그리고 코칭리더십과 혁신행동 간의 관계에서 심리적 임파워먼 트와 직무열의는 부분적으로 매개적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에 따른 시사점으로, 본 연구는 상사의 코칭리더십이 심리적 임파워먼트와 직무열의를 통해서 혁신행동으로 이어지는 경로를 검증하여, 코 칭리더십으로부터 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동변화를 설명하는 메카니즘을 제시 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 상사의 코칭리더십이 조직 구성원의 심리적인 변화를 통해 혁신행동으로 이어진다는 동기부여 측면의 매커니즘을 규명하여, 기업의 리더들이 코치형 리더로 육성되어야 조직구성원들의 혁신행동을 촉진할 필요성 을 제시한다고 이해할 수 있다.

The human information processing center “memory” is defined as the process of encoding – storage – retrieval of external stimuli (information). Considering that all learning begins with memories, the teaching-learning design should present an efficient methodology without biasing the learner’s cognitive process step by step. Based on this information processing theory, this study systematically considered the following three aspects: First, an efficient teaching-learning model is designed by focusing on the input (listening) and output (writing) of the second foreign language on the premise of facilitating communication, which is the goal of language learning. Second, we will try to implement the structuring and systematization of knowledge, which is the ultimate goal of learning, through language learning. Lastly, in applying this to actual classes, based on the constructivism epistemology, the REACT model (Crawford, 2001) - Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring - is borrowed, through which the lecture is conducted. The survey was also conducted for analyzing students’ perceptions of the learning methodology and got meaningful results from students’ lecture evaluations.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of commercial tofu products from the market in Korea. Seventeen types of commercial tofu samples were taken and their physicochemical properties, including soluble solid contents, salinity, pH, total acidity and moisture (total solid contents), were analyzed. The hardness of tofu was negatively correlated with the moisture contents of tofu (r=－0.667**). The commercial tofu showed pH 5.80~6.24, total acidity of 0.016~0.034%, soluble solids of 1.50~3.45 °Brix, salinity of 1.20~2.30%, and moisture content of 79.91~87.57%, respectively. All 17 tofu samples sold in the Korean market were prepared using crude MgCl2 and sea water as a coagulant. The quality characteristics vary depending on the constituent’s of soybeans, and the ratio and amount of coagulants of tofu used. The origin of soybean seeds affected the yellowness of tofu; tofu made from imported soybean showed a higher b value than domestic soybean. These results are expected to be useful for understanding trends in the domestic tofu industry.

In vitro digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) were investigated to verify the availability of protein in various Rhizopus oligosporus fermented products of domestic soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Danbaegkong (DBK), Daepung (DP), Daewonkong (DWK), Saedanbaek (SDB), Seonyu (SY), and Cheongja4ho (CJ4) were used as raw samples, which were fermented using commercially available Rhizopus oligosporus for 48 h. All cultivars showed increased crude protein content after fermentation. The crude protein content of DBK and SDB was significantly higher than that of the other samples (55.12% in DBK and 54.22% in SDB) (p<0.001). CJ4 had the highest alanine content of 28.88 mg/g (p<0.001), and no significant difference in cysteine content was detected among the cultivars. In most of the fermented samples, the in vitro digestibility was 0.9 or higher, indicating high protein in the fermented samples. However, it is considered that restrictions on digestion are low. In DWK, the amino acid content and PDCAAS, which together indicate protein quality, were 0.917 and 0.855, respectively, confirming that it was the best cultivar to provide the raw material for fermentation. In conclusion Rhizopus oligosporus fermented soybean products can be considered a prospective source of protein with high utility value.

The demand for novel strains has been rising in the domestic market to increase the production of sclerotia from Wolfiporia hoelen. To improve strain breeding efficiency, we investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene, which may be linked to the mating type locus, are useful for distinguishing monokaryons from dikaryons in Korean W. hoelen strains. We designed a specific primer set to efficiently amplify a region of RPB2 using PCR with the genomic DNA of 12 cultivated strains and 31 wild strains of W. hoelen collected from Korea. Nucleotide sequences of the PCR-amplified RPB2 genes were determined and analyzed for the presence of SNPs among the 43 W. hoelen strains. Previously reported SNP loci were detected in the RPB2 gene of all W. hoelen strains tested. However, these previously reported SNP loci could not be applied to differentiate monokaryons from dikaryons in approximately one-third of Korean wild strains with homozygous genotypes. Three additional SNPs in the RPB2 gene, which may improve the ability to distinguish monokaryons from dikaryons, were identified by searching through the multiple sequence alignments of the 43 W. hoelen strains. The applicability of these three novel SNPs, together with the previously known SNPs, in the RPB2 gene to W. hoelen strain breeding was verified by examining the hybrid strains and their parental strains.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Maillard reaction–related physicochemical properties of three maize varieties (Kwangpyeongok, Sinhwangok2ho and Gangdaok) after roasting them for different times (0, 15, 25, 40, and 55 minutes). The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction involving reducing sugars and amino compounds. The content of reducing sugar, the causative agent of the Maillard reaction, decreased as roasting time increased. Gangdaok showed the lowest reducing sugar content of 1.04 mg/g after 55 minutes of roasting. In the elapsed roasting time, chromaticity ‘L’ and ‘b’ values decreased. At 55 minutes of roasting, wherein the Maillard reaction occurred most actively, Gangdaok showed the lowest ‘L’ value of 56.37 and the highest ‘a’ value of 7.60. Gangdaok had superior conditions for inducing the Maillard reaction compared to other varieties, and it is consider that 'flint–type', an endosperm characteristic, may have been the influencing agent. This study detected a total of 52 types of volatile aroma compounds (VACs), of which 28 were produced after roasting. Of the total VACs detected, 2-Formyl-5-methylfuran and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde accounted for 43.8~45.5% and have been confirmed to be the major VACs present in roasted maize. Most of the correlations between the Maillard reaction–related characteristics showed high correlation coefficients.

Levels of beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENNs: ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) were examined in fresh ginger (n = 43) and ginger powder (n = 31) samples from Korea. In the ginger samples, incidence of BEA contamination was highest, at 62.79%, with a maximum detected BEA level of 640.07 μg/kg. ENNs in were found in up to 11.63% (ENB, ENB1) of ginger samples, with a maximum detected level of 91.02 μg/kg (ENA). In the ginger powders, ENB contamination displayed the highest rate of incidence (70.97%), but the highest level of BEA (1,344.18 μg/kg) exceeded that of ENB (413.99 μg/kg). The incidences of ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1 presence in ginger powders were 29.03%, 22.58%, 70.97%, and 35.48%, respectively, and their highest detected levels were 220.45, 156.61, 413.99, and 70.29 μg/kg, respectively. The incidence of BEA and ENN contamination was higher in ginger powder than in ginger. Respective co-occurrence rates of BEA and ENNs in ginger and ginger powder samples were 16.28% and 64.52%, indicating that the BEA and ENN co-contamination rate was highest in ginger powder as well. This is the first report on the presence and co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs in Korean ginger and ginger powder.

In 2020, the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities was investigated in the Sohan stream, an ecological and landscape conservation area, and the results were compared with the previous research conducted in 2011. In total, 42 species (two phyla, three classes, and seven orders) were found in the Sohan stream. Species richness and abundance sharply decreased at all sampling sites because of Typhoons Haishen and Maysak in 2020, which had a direct impact on the stream. In the functional feeding group, the ratio of collector-gatherers was the highest at all sampling sites. However, during the autumn season, the shredder ratio increased from 13.4% to 42.4% in the uppermost stream site. Compared with the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates surveyed in 2011, a total of 53 species (two phyla, three classes, and eight orders) were found. The percentage of species richness and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera was more than 50% both in 2011 and 2020. Only the richness of Ephemeroptera was significantly different between them (2011: 2.9 and 2020: 6.7). In this study, the abrupt changes of species richness and abundance in benthic macroinvertebrate were not observed before and after the designation of an ecological and landscape conservation area. However, it is necessary to monitor benthic macroinvertebrates in order to confirm that biodiversity is continuously maintained long after the designation of the ecological and landscape conservation area.