경건한 자의 고난을 다루고 있는 주전 10세기 이전의 고대 근동의 신정론적 시문학 작품인 욥기와 바빌로니아 욥기(“루드룰 벨 네메키,” “내가 지혜의 주를 찬양하리라”)는 고통과 버려짐, 탄식, 갈망, 회복과 찬양이라는 공통의 모티브를 갖고 있다. 욥과 숩시마쉬레삭칸은 자연물을 도입하여 다양한 수사학적 기교를 통해서 질병의 고통과 환자의 육체적-정신적 갈망, 신에 대한 이해를 운문형식으로 표현했다. 그들은 내용 전개에 천체, 지질, 해양, 광물, 기상과 기후, 동식 물, 미네랄, 유충, 인체, 발생학적 발전 단계와 관련된 자연물을 200가지 이상 사용했다. 자연비유를 통해 신과 인간의 다양한 모습을 드러낼 수 있다. 신은 사나운 사자와 날아간 새, 날려버리는 폭풍이 되기도 하고 고난 받는 자는 먹잇 감 동물, 구슬피 우는 비둘기, 낙엽과 마른 검불, 좀먹은 의복이 되기도 한다. 주 인공들은 자연을 통해 신의 지혜와 능력을 찬양한다. 두 작품은 자연을 통해 신의 초월성과 편재성/임재성에 대해 인식하게 하고, 고난에 대해 사색하게 함으로 영성 개발에 도움을 준다.

This writing had research subject as Zhang Yang's movies titled <Getting Home(落葉歸根)>(2007) and <Full Circle (飛越老人 院)>(2012). Two pieces of movies are roughly distinguished from the existing movies in a sense of having commercially consumed a social issue, which is caused by migrant workers and aging, with the use of road-movie genre. This study was progressed a research with paying attention to this point. First, it considered the process that socially underprivileged people such as migrant workers proceed with being included in the mainstream narrative. It clarified that the combination of road movie and comedy is proceeding with solidifying position as one new trend while illuminating the process that migrant workers, who had been addressed realistically, are divided into a character of comedy and are again mixed with road movie. Second, a gap could be confirmed to be created between journey and reality shown in a movie due to the combination of road movie and comedy. And it examined how socially underprivileged people were commercially played a variation to be applied. At the same time, it could confirm that there is reality outside journey in a sense that therapy of being mobilized by family love is proposed as solution rather than complaining about and reflecting on reality with which socially underprivileged people are faced.

Asthmatics are more susceptible to fine particulate matters (PM2.5), compared to the general population. It has been reported that indoor PM2.5 is mainly generated by combustion of fossil fuels, meat or fish In particular, asthmatics are known to be more susceptible to indoor PM2.5 because 65 ∼ 95% of child or adult asthmatics stay inside the house. Thus, understanding the association between indoor activity patterns and variations in indoor PM2.5 levels is important. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of hourly indoor PM2.5 concentrations in asthmatics’ homes, and to evaluate its association with pan-frying cooking activity patterns, the most common PM2.5 emission related activity. From November 2017 to February 2018, real-time PM2.5 concentrations were measured in the living room of each asthmatic’s house (n = 35) for three weeks at 1 minute intervals. At the same time, self-reported daily activity patterns, hourly proportion (%) of cooking activities, were also recorded every hour over three weeks for each patient. In this study, we provided quantitative evidence that the distribution patterns of indoor hourly PM2.5 concentrations were associated with indoor cooking activities, especially in the homes of adult asthmatics. In addition, we observed that PM2.5 emitted by pan-frying could maintain even over up to 2 hour lagtime.