This study measured dyeing properties under different dyeing conditions and levels of antimicrobial activity when man-made fibers are dyed with gallnut, including rayon, tencel, tencel blended fabric, soybean fiber, and nylon non-mordanted. The dye up-take (K/S), color (L*a*b*), and color differences (△E) were measured with a colorimeter, and the number of bacteria present in the dyed fabrics were determined using Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia as strains. The results are as follows: First, the optimal dyeing conditions for man-made fibers dyed with gallnut are 60 minutes of dyeing time and a 80℃ dyeing temperature. Second, gallnut dye is most effective on soybean fiber and then, in descending order of effectiveness, on nylon, rayon, tencel, and tencel blended fabric. This means that dyeing properties of nitrogen containing fibers are excellent when using gallnut. Third, all man-made fibers are dyed brown with gallnut. This implies dyeing possibility of man-made fibers about gallnut dye, so development and supply of natural dyed goods of man-made fibers can be increased. Fourth, in all man-made fibers dyed with gallnut extract, both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia show 99.9% reduction ratios of fungistasis, which indicate antimicrobial activity. Therefore, safe, functional, man-made materials can be developed to relieve symptoms from and treat patients with skin ailments.

Mobile shoppers have encountered frequent color mismatch in the products that they have purchased, as they can only rely on their sense of sight. Therefore, fabric color and color difference recognized by smartphone display during mobile shopping were studied using instrument analysis method. It aimed to gather precise information on actual fabric color understanding of the mobile shoppers purchasing textile products. Three smartphones were selected from LG, Samsung, and Apple companies, and four colors were researched (red, yellow, green and blue) to both polyester and wool test fabrics for color analysis though color measuring instruments. The results from the spectrophotometer indicated that the color coordinate location of smartphone fabric color is similarly distributed regardless of the type of fabric. The Samsung smartphone displays a relatively high color chroma (especially on red-colored fabric) regardless of the type of fabric due to a high color reproduction range. In contrast, the LG smartphone, which has high color temperature, displays high color chroma on the blue colored fabric with a significant color mismatch between the actual fabric color and smartphone fabric color. From the results of this study, issues related to mobile shopping can be addressed through an analysis of the products sold, the smartphone’s color representation, and user understanding.

Mobile shoppers have encountered frequent color mismatch in the products that they have purchased, as they can only rely on their sense of sight. Therefore, fabric color and color difference recognized by smartphone display during mobile shopping were studied using instrument analysis method. It aimed to gather precise information on actual fabric color understanding of the mobile shoppers purchasing textile products. Three smartphones were selected from LG, Samsung, and Apple companies, and four colors were researched (red, yellow, green and blue) to both polyester and wool test fabrics for color analysis though color measuring instruments. The results from the spectrophotometer indicated that the color coordinate location of smartphone fabric color is similarly distributed regardless of the type of fabric. The Samsung smartphone displays a relatively high color chroma (especially on red-colored fabric) regardless of the type of fabric due to a high color reproduction range. In contrast, the LG smartphone, which has high color temperature, displays high color chroma on the blue colored fabric with a significant color mismatch between the actual fabric color and smartphone fabric color. From the results of this study, issues related to mobile shopping can be addressed through an analysis of the products sold, the smartphone’s color representation, and user understanding.

담관내 유두상 점액 종양은 담관내에서 흔히 발견되며, 최근에는 전암성 병변으로 인식되어 왔다. 담관내 상피세포의 유듀상 성장과 점액생성 및 그로 인한 간내담관의 확장을 특징으로 한다. 수술적 절제가 악성 변화를 막기 위한 최선의 방법이다. 담관내 유두상 점액 종양에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있지만 수술이외의 치료에 대한 보고는 많지 않다. 우리는 75세 여자 환자가 우연히 담관내 유두상 점액 종양으로 진단 받고 아르곤 플라즈마 응고소작술로 성공적 치료를 받은 경우를 보고한다. 환자의 나이와 동반질환 등을 고려하여 수술 적 절제보다는 아르곤 플라즈마 응고소작술을 시행하였고, 치료 4주 후 시행한 경피 경간 담도내시경에서 잔여종양의 증거는 없었다.

이 글은 셰익스피어의 『맥베스』(1605-06)에 드러난 스코틀랜드의 토속 원시 신앙, 즉 하일랜드 샤머니즘의 그림자를 추적하려는 종교민속학적 발상에서 시작되었다. 『맥베스』의 주조를 이루는 기후, 나무, 새에 대한 모티프는 켈트 신 앙의 뿌리 깊은 핵심 요소들이다. 천둥, 번개, 비를 동반하여 등장하는 세 마녀, 나뭇가지를 들고 버넘 숲에 대한 예언을 하는 유령, 새가 날아다니는 패턴을 보 고 신탁을 읽어내는 새 점성술사인 어거(augur)의 흔적을 지닌 레이디 맥베스를 비롯하여 작품 전체에 스며있는 불길한 징조로서의 새의 이미지는 고대 켈트 사제인 드루이드(Druids)의 모습을 파편화해놓은 것이다. 왕의 장자인 말콤이 잉글랜드에서 병사를 일으켜 버넘 숲 나뭇가지로 위장한 군대로서 맥베스를 처 단하는 대결말은, 로마군이 처음 스코틀랜드에 진출하여 성스러운 나무들을 잘 라버리고 드루이드 계급을 처단했던 역사의 순간과 중첩된다. 이는 숲과 나무에 서 신탁을 받는 고대 켈트 오크 ‘신화’를 처절히 해체시켜버리고 기독교가 세력 을 쥐는 양상을 단적으로 표현한 것이다. 셰익스피어는 켈트 신앙의 핵심적인 스토리텔링 코드들을 활용하여 고대 자연숭배가 기독교라는 새로운 계시종교와 갈등을 빚다가 패권을 빼앗기는 과도기의 모습을 의미심장하게 그려내고 있다.

본 연구는 2007년 11월부터 2010년 9월까지 2차 하천부터 6차하천까지 하천 차수에 따라 총 51개의 지점을 7회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 12과 55종이었으며, 전체 지점에서 참갈겨니 (Zacco koreanus)가 우점하고, 피라미 (Zacco platypus)가 아우점 하였다. 또한 천연기념물 1종 (1.8%), 환경부지정 멸종위기야생동물 2급 6종(10.9%), 한국고유종 22종(40.0%)이 확인되었다. 하천차수가 2차하천에서 6차하천으로 증가할수록 종수, 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 종풍부도지수, 내성종, 잡식종이 증가하며, 개체수, 우점도지수, 민감종, 충식종, IBI종합 지수는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 주성분 분석결과 각 지점들의 분포양상은 종수, 개체수, 군집지수, 내성종, 민감종, 잡식종, 충식종에 따라 상류와 하류로 구분이 되었다. 다변량 상관관계 분석결과 하천차수와 다변수(종수, 다양도지수, 잡식종, 하폭, 수심, 수온)는 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 나타났다.

본 연구는 강원도 정선군에 위치한 조양강 및 유입천 을 대상으로 총 9개 정점을 선정하고 2008년 6월부터 2010년 9월까지 총 6회에 걸쳐 이화학적 환경요인과 생 물량 및 부착규조류의 현존량을 조사하였다. 또한 부착규 조류의 군집구조를 분석하고 생물학적 평가를 통해 수질 을 평가하였다. 1. 조양강 일대는 석회암으로 구성되어 pH가 7.4~10.2 로 중성~알칼리성의 범위를 보였다. 2. 조양강 수계에서 출현한 부착규조류는 2목 6과 23 속 95종 15변종 2품종 5미동정종으로 총 117분류군이 출 현하였고, 산성수역의 지표종은 출현하지 않았으며 중성 ~알칼리성의 pH에서 생육하는 Achnanthes laterostrata, Cymbella delicatula 등 11분류군이 출현하였다. 3. 특히 알칼리성 수역의 지표종인 Cymbella delicatula 는 I3과 I4 정점의 일부 시기를 제외하고 10% 이상의 상 대출현빈도를 나타냈다. 4. 조양강 및 유입천에 DAIpo를 적용한 결과 조양강은 평균 77.03로 A등급을 나타냈으며, 유입천은 평균 65.84 로 B 등급으로 나타났다. TDI를 이용한 생물학적 평가 시 조양강은 A~B 등급을 나타냈으며, 유입천은 A~D 등 급에 걸쳐 나타남으로써, 조양강 본류가 유입천보다 수질 이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 5. 본 연구에서 유입천의 수질이 조양강에 미치는 영향 은 낮은 것으로 나타났으나, 2009년 9월의 경우에는 본 류인 J2와 J3 정점이 유입천 I1 정점의 영향으로 수질이 저하되었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among food quality, food awareness, customer satisfaction, and revisit intentions of Korean restaurants in Chinese University or College students in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. A questionnaire developed from a literature review included a series of questions about the quality of Korean food, Korean food awareness, customer satisfaction, and revisit intentions. Analysis of the survey data was performed on 234 valid responses. Statistical analyses, including frequencies, factor analysis, reliability analysis and regression, were performed using the SPSS program. The results indicated that food quality perceived by Chinese students had a significant impact on customer satisfaction. On the contrary, food quality according to Korean food awareness by Chinese students did not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. Further, customer satisfaction had a significant influence on revisit intentions, whereas customer satisfaction according to Korean food awareness did not have a significant effect. In conclusion, food quality is a significant factor in determining the success of the foodservice industry.

The purpose of this study was to survey Chinese university or college students' preference for and satisfaction with Korean food in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. A questionnaire developed from literature review included a series of questions about Korean food that included preference, satisfaction, product quality, and customer satisfaction. We analyzed 240 valid responses. Statistical analyses, including frequence, IPA, factor analysis, and regression were performed using SPSS software. Of the 41 kinds of Korean food included, the students' average preference was 3.24 and satisfaction was 3.23 on a 5-point scale. The students questioned preferred Bulgogi (3.99), Galbigui (3.92), Galbitang (3.88), Galbizzim (3.87), and Samgyeopsal (3.86) to other Korean foods. With regard to satisfaction, Bulgogi (3.94) was chosen by Chinese students as the most satisfying Korean food, followed by Galbitang (3.80) and Galbigui (3.80). The perceived quality of the Korean food also had a significant influence on customer satisfaction.

Understanding awareness and wearing behavior of functional textiles for silver generation is expected to contribute to clothing products development to improve and maintain their health and marketing strategy fit for user characteristics. For empirical research, a survey was developed and the aged 50 and above were 332 respondents. The results of the study are as follows. First, the level of awareness for both comfort-oriented and health/safetyoriented functional fabrics in high health-conscious group was much higher than that in low health-conscious group. In number of wearing times, health body and high-conscious group wear comfort-oriented fabrics more frequently, while weak body group wear health/safety-oriented fabrics more often. The health-consciousness significantly influenced the possession of active sportswear with various functions. Second, the awareness of functional fabrics in exercise activities groups was much higher than that in exercise-conscious groups. High exercise activities group know more about the wet sensation-related fabrics and clothing materials for outdoor activities. Low exerciseconscious group put on health/comfort-oriented fabrics for casuals more frequent than functional fabrics for sportswear. High exercise activities group preferred to wear sportswear suitable for outdoor activities. The aged people have a lot of health/comfort-oriented functional casual wear appropriate for indoor activities regardless of exerciseconsciousness. However, the more they enjoy exercise activities the more they are interested in functional sportswear. Even though they were unconcerned with exercise, older people are interested in functional casual clothes. As a conclusion, the high interest in health and exuberant activities in silver generation arose the necessity of new multi-functional clothing products.