바나듐 산화환원 흐름 전지에 핵심적으로 사용되는 이온교환막은 일반적으로 양이온교환막을 사용하고 있으나 co-ion인 바나듐 이온의 투과에 의한 장기적 성능 저하 문제를 해결하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바나듐 투과도 및 장 기 운전 안정성의 특성을 파악하기 위해 세 가지 다른 관능기를 보유한 음이온교환막을 제조하였다. 기저막으로는 다공성 폴 리에틸렌 필름에 benzyl chloride (VBC)과 divinylbenzene (DVB)을 충진 및 가교 중합하여 제조한 후, 세 가지 다른 아민 관 능기를 각각 도입하였다. 제조된 음이온교환막들에 대해 바나듐 이온 투과 정도 및 장기 운전 안정성을 관찰한 결과 triethylamine을 관능기로 적용한 음이온교환막에서 높은 에너지효율을 유지하면서도 가장 장기적 운전 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다.

Lab-scale Electrodialysis(ED) system with different membranes combined with before or after pyroma process were carried out to remove nitrate from two pickling acid wastewater containing high concentrations of NO3-(≈150,000 mg/L) and F-(≈160,000 mg/L) and some heavy metals(Fe, Ti, and Cr). The ED system before Pyroma process(Sample A) was not successful in NO3- removal due to cation membrane fouling by the heavy metals, whereas, in the ED system after Pyroma process(Sample B), about 98% of nitrate was removed because of relatively low NO3- concentration (about 30,000 mg/L) and no heavy metals. Mono-selective membranes(CIMS/ACS) in ED system have no selectivity for nitrate compared to divalent-selective membranes(CMX/AMX). The operation time for nitrate removal time decreased with increasing the applied voltage from 10V to 15V with no difference in the nitrate removal rate between both voltages. Nitrate adsorption of a strong-base anion exchange resin of Cl- type was also conducted. The Freundlich model(R2 > 0.996) was fitted better than Langmuir model(R2 > 0.984) to the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q0) was 492 mg/g for Sample A and 111 mg/g for Sample B due to the difference in initial nitrate concentrations between the two wastewater samples. In the regeneration of ion exchange resins, the nitrate removal rate in the pickling acid wastewater decreased as the adsorption step was repeated because certain amount of adsorbed NO3- remained in the resins in spite of several desorption steps for regeneration. In conclusion, the optimum system configuration to treat pickling acid wastewater from stainless-steel industry is the multi-processes of the Pyroma-Electrodialysis-Ion exchange.