After beginning of the 21st century, Some Chinese scholars called for switching their national policy to the conversion of the perception of their ethnic problems. Beijing(北京)University sociology professor Marong considers that the cause which does not solve their national problems in China gives minorities more political emphasis in their policy, so he proposed that by means of ‘De-politicization’ of the national policy, redirect its policy from 'politicization' to 'culturalization' of ethnic issues so as to strengthen national identity among ethnic minorities. In addition, The two Qinghua(清华) University economics professors urged "the Second Stage Nationalities Policy'. In here, They urged that Marong's ‘De-politicization’ opinion be realized. These new claims were embroiled in controversy with strong criticism from critics because these claims are not only complete denial current national policy but also these claims are claims radical enforcement policies. This paper mainly analyzes the main contents and the key issues related to these problems and the possibility that the adoption of a policy.

本论文研究1990年代中国新疆维吾尔族的民族分离运动与中国的民族政策的主要内容和特征。新疆维吾尔族具有与汉族不同的民族认同感，而这些民族认同感主要来自于维吾尔族的历史和文化因素。受到冷战体系的崩溃和一些中亚伊斯兰国家独立，新疆维吾尔族也要求分离和独立，因而在中国境内发生了很多恐怖事件。为了控制新疆的形势，中国政府采取了多种方法，如在国内采取‘严打’政策; 阻止与海外维吾尔族以及伊斯兰势力的联系; 对新疆地区实施包括经济方面的各种优待政策。 今天的新疆在中央政府的多种政策和努力之下，基本上维持着安定的局面，但在解决新疆问题上还存在一时难以解决的各种矛盾。第一，‘中华民族’的认同感和中央政府统治思想的弱化。第二，新疆的安定与经济之间的关系和矛盾。第三，对于外部势力和强大国对中国内政介入的对策。 对中央政府来说，来自西部的何种‘高度’自治或独立要求也不会接受，而一旦存在新疆维吾尔族继续要求分离和独立，那'中华民族'与新疆的民族认同感之间的矛盾也无法一时解决。