The study is conducted to analyze the questioning styles in three middle school environmental textbooks in terms of frequency, type, and placement of questions. It is also to analyse and compare the kinds of scientific processes elicited by the questions in the topics of textbook. The instrument was the Textbook Questioning Strategies Assesment Instrument (TQSAI) which was developed the Cooperative Teacher Preparation Program, University of California. The mean number of questions per topic was 4.0 and the ratio of questions to sentences was 3.8%. The numbers of empirical and non-empirical questions were 52.5% and 47.5% for textbook D, 56.6% and 43.4% for textbook J, and 92.7% and 7.3% for textbook K, respectively. The open-hearted question was the highest in all types of questions for three middle school environmental textbooks. The explanatory question was the highest in all characteristics of questions. The types of various questions were distributed throughout textbooks including the green field, debate-discussion, examination, and so on.

This study was attempted to analyze sophomores' consciousness for environmental problems. In order to achieve this purpose, a method of questionnaire was administered to total 387 students selected from four universities in Busan. There were surveyed questions as follows, the conception of environmental problems, the condition of dwelling place and surrounding of home, the problems of environmental pollution, knowledge and concern for environmental problems, necessity of environmental education of school, and the environmental policy in Korea. Most students responded that the most serious environmental problem is water pollution. Most respondents have recognition the necessity of schooling for environmental education, whereas current-contents of environmental education are not enough to modify students' attitude and behavior.

한국내 분포하는 다년생 초본인 삽주 집단의 유전적 다양도와 집단구조를 조사하기 위해 전분 전기영동으로 분석하였다. 15 대립유전자좌위당 9개 좌위에서 다형현상(60.0%)을 보였으며, 유전적 다양도는 종수준에서 0.144로 높은 반면 집단수준이 이보다 약간 낮았다. 삽주의 유전적 다양도는 대부분 집단내에 존재하였고 유사한 생활양식을 가진 다른 식물종에 비해 높았다. 그 이유로는 유성생식, 다년생, 다산 등에 기인한다. 집단간 분화는 약 13%였고 지리적 거리와 유전적 거리의 상관은 높았다(r=0.65). 그럼에도 불구하고 일부 격리된 집단은 유효집단크기를 가지지 못하여 이형접합체의 결여가 유의성을 보여 다양도가 높은 집단의 보존이 요망된다.

The washout on incision cliff is a serious problem. Incision cliff if not carefully done, can contribute to soil erosion and, by removing covering plants could have a large impact on the temporary of normally the quality of water. Because the washout of soil is influenced by its surface, it is necessary to prevent or diminish soil particle by plantation of grass species. Kummerowia stipulacea is an useful species that diminish the injury of soil and rainwater. We study that estimates of preventing soil erosion and river overflow can be obtained from the experimental model developmented by several equators. Many potential contaminants are removed by filtration as the water moves slowly through the fields of K. stipulacea.

We examined the genetic variation within the species, the patterns of genetic diversty between populations, thermostability variations of enzymes and temperature tolerances of Corbicula japonica from the two main rivers in Korea. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to examine the genetic variation of 22 loci. Heating experiments of electrophoresis under the condition of 40±5° for 15±5 min disclosed thermostability differences, called heat-sensitive and heat-resistant types, within each electrophoretic allozyme. Genetic diversity at the natural species level was high (77.3%), whereas the extent of heat-treat groups was relatively low (52.6%). The genetic diversity trends to decrease from the source of two main rivers (the Sumjin River and the Nam River) to the mouths. Based on the data available such as considerable high genetic diversity compared with a mean value of C. japonica species, It is recommended that several populations of the species in Korea should be preserved.

The experiment was performed to elucidate the effect of simulated acid rain on growth of the seven crops(Daucus carota var. saliva DC., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis Makino, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis Makino, Brassica alboglabra Bailey, Caphsicum annum L., and Perilla frutescens Britton). The pH levels of simulated acid rain ranged pH 3.1, 3.6, 4.1, 4.6, 5.1 and 5.6. The germination with each crop was influenced from simulated acid rain except buckwheat and kale. A general decrease of growth in crops was observed with increasing pH concentrations. The pattern of soluble protein was observed a tendency to decrease from acidic pH gradients. According to acidity, total DNA contents of each crop was showed a definite reduction. In conclusion, plant growth was stimulated decreasingly and the changes of total protein patterns and DNA contents extracted from leaves trended with simulated acid rain was showed seriously.

The purpose of this study was to examine the questioning styles in middle school environmentology textbook in terms of frequency, type, and placement of questions. It was also to analyse and to compare the kinds of scientific inquiry processes elicited by the questions in the topics of textbooks. The instrument was the Textbook Questing Strategies Assessment Instrument (TQSAI) developed the Cooperative Teacher Preparation Project, University of California. The average number of questions per topic was only 1.09 and the ratio of questions to sentences was 2.5%. Most of questions were in explanatory place(75%). Nearly 90% of experienced questions types were reasoning or application. The frequencies of non-experiential question were higher than those of experiential question. In action, there were much kinds of question-styles.

This experiment was performed with the purpose of finding out the effect of simulated acid rain at various pH levels on the morphology and enzyme of Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara. The pH levels of simulated acid rain ranged from pH 2.0 to pH 6.0. The experiment showed the anion concentrations in the order of SO4^-2, Cl^-, NO3, and F^-. SO4^-2 was found out to be the main factor which contributed to the rainwater acidification. A general decrease of growth in Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara growth was shown with the decreas of pH concentration. As acidity increases, a definite reduction in the rates of germination, heigth of plant, malate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was ovserved, but the density of spots on the leaf apex was increased.