The bricks in Myung Dong Cathedral Church are now deteriorated by the weather such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Thus it is necessary to replace the old bricks to the restored bricks for the load bearing capacity as well as to prevent the penetrations of rains from outside. However the mortar composition is not well defined at this moment and there are literary about the mortar completions. Thus it is necessary to verify the mortar compactions between old bricks and results to bring the restoring the mortar for the replace of new bricks. The particles of mortar was collected from Myung Dong Cathedral Church and particle size was analyzed by the mortar and pestle and mechanicle floater. The X-ray diffraction and XRF of each particles are analyzed. The quartz and feldspar such as albite, kaolinite are observed in large particles(>1mm). However, the clicite was observed at lower than $43{\mu}m$ particles. In XRF analysis, the $SiO_2\;and\;K_2O$ are observed at large particles$(1mm-208{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles$(208-43{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles($208-43{\mu}m$). This is well coincide with XRD results. The optimum volume ratio of lime mortar would be 1: 2 ($CaO: SiO_2$).

In motor learning, the relative frequency of external feedback is the proportion of external feedback presentations divided by the total number of practice trials. In earlier studies, increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg of hemiplegic patients, external feedback was continuously produced as the patient attempted to perform a movement. This feedback was produced to enhance the learning effect. However, recent studies in nondisabled populations have suggested that compared with 100% relative frequency conditions, practice with lower relative frequencies is more effective. My study compared the effect of 100% relative frequency conditions with 67% relative frequency conditions to determine what effect they exerted on motor learning for increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected lower limbs of patients with hemiplegia. Twenty-four hemiplegic patients were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Each group practiced weight transfer motor learning on a machine. During practice, visual feedback was offered to all subjects. The experiment was carried out with full visual feedback for patients in group one but only 67% visual feedback for patients in group two. The percentage of loading on the affected leg was recorded four times: before learning (baseline value), immediately after learning, 30 minutes after learning, 24 hours after learning. The results were as follows: 1. In the 100% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three testing modes over the baseline value. 2. In the 67% visual feedback group, the percentage of loading on the affected leg increased significantly in all three measurements. 3. Immediately after learning, the learning effect was not significantly different between the two groups, but was significantly greater after both the 30 minutes delay and the 24 hours period. These results suggest that the 33% reduction in the provision of visual feedback may enhance the learning effect of increasing the percentage of body weight loading on the affected leg in patients with hemiplegia.

활성금속 브레이징 방법으로 스테인레스 스틸과 질화규소를 접합하여 기계적 특성 및 유한요소법을 사용하여 접합체에서 발생되는 잔류응력의 크기를 조사하였다. 고강도 접합체를 제조하기 위하여 연성금속인 Cu 및 Cu/Mo 적층체를 중간재로 사용하였으며, 중간재의 두께 및 구조에 따라 접합체에서 발생되는 잔류응력의 크기 및 분포가 접합강도에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다.중간재인 Cu의 두께가 0.2mm 일대 세라믹스에 발생되는 최대 잔류응력의 크기가 급격히 감소하였으며, 최대 접합강도가 나타났다. Cu/Mo 다층 중간재를 사용한 접합체에서는 Cu/Mo 두께비가 감소할수록 접합강도는 증가되었다. 스테인레스 스틸/질화규소 접합체에서 Cu/Mo 중간재의 사용은 Cu 중간재 사용보다 접합강도를 증가시키는데 효과적이었으며, 최대 접합강도는 450Mpa 정도이었다. Cu/Mo 중간재를 사용한 접합체에서는 Mo에 최대 인장방향의 잔류응력이 발생하여 강도 측정시 Mo의 지배적인 소성변형으로 잔류응력이 감소되어 접합체의 접합강도를 향상시키는 것으로 생각된다.

혐기성(嫌氣性) 광합성(光合成) 세균(細菌)인 R. capsulata B22와 R. spheroides SM11의Bio-fertilizer로의 이용(利用) 가능성(可能性)을 조사(調査)하였다. R. capsulata B22와 R. spheroides SM11을 각각 토양(土壤)에 처리(處理)하여 토양(土壤)의 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)과 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 배양(培養) 5일(日) 후(後)부터 모든 처리구(處理區)에서 Algae의 번식(繁殖)이 관찰(觀察)되었으며 15-20일(日)까지 약간(若干)의 유기물(有機物) 및 질소함량(窒素含量)의 증가(增加)가 관찰(觀察)되었다.

목적: 본 연구는 운동선수의 절실함과 운동몰입, 인지된 경기력 간의 구조관계를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 이를 위해 429명의 운동선수를 대상으로 자료수집이 이루어졌으며, 최종 418부를 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 활용하여, 측정모형에 대한 확인적 요인분석, 기술통계 분석과 상관관계 분 석을 실시하였으며, 구조방정식모형 분석을 이용한 매개효과 검증을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 절실함의 하위요인 중에서 인내와 극복이 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 운동선수의 절실함은 운동몰입과 인지된 경기력에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 운동몰입 또한 인지된 경기력에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 절실함과 인지된 경기력 간의 구조관계에서 운동몰입을 통한 매개효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 운 동선수의 절실함이 높을수록 운동상황에 더 몰입하게 되어 자신의 경기력 수준을 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다.

미국 9.11 사고 이후 테러는 과거에 비하여 다중이용시설 공격을 통한 불특정 다수의 공격이 증가하고 있다. 연이은 런던 폭탄테러, 파키스탄의 자폭 등은 사람들의 공포심 및 사회적 불안감을 증가시켰다. 최근 국내에서 다양한 국제행사가 개최되고 있어, 방사능테러 위협에 대비한 방사성물질의 국가 안보 의식이 증대되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 HotSpot Code를 사용하여 서로 상이한 기상조건에 따른 결과를 비교하였다. 국내에서 발생 가능한 테러 시나리오 작성 후, RDD(Radiological Dispersal Device) 및 더티밤에 사용될 가능성이 높은 선원을 조사하였다. 기상조건은 Pasquill-Gifford 안정도 등급에 따라 가장 안정된 조건의 F, 가장 불안정한 조건의 A를 선택하여 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 A, F 등급 결괏값은 방사선학적 영향에 의해 시민들이 급성 영향으로 사망하는 경우는 없다고 판단하였다. 또한, 풍속 및 기상 안정도에 따라 방사능의 도달 정도가 서로 다르며, 기상 조건에 따라 방사능 희석정도가 서로 다름을 확인할 수 있다. 분석결과는 방사능테러 발생 시 초동 대응에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

유방촬영장치(mammography equipment, ME)을 이용한 유방검사(mammography, MG)의 경우 유방암의 조기진단을 위해 가장 일반적으로 시행되고 있는 검사방법으로 유방 내 섬유화 조직, 미소석회화 및 종양덩어리의 발견과 진단은 유방촬영장치의 품질관리(quality management, QM)에 의해 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 특히, 유방검사에서 품질관리란 장치와 연관된 문제점들이 임상영상에서 영상의 질(image quality, IQ) 저하로 진단영역 축소를 초래할 수 있는 발생가능한 모든 문제점을 사전에 파악하여 교정함으로써 항상 일정 수준의 영상의 질을 유지하고 영상을 획득할 수 있게 하는 행위를 의미한다. 이에 본 연구진은 유방촬영장치를 이용한 유방검사의 품질관리에 대한 일반적인 내용을 요약하여 보고 한다.

In this study, a series of studies is intended to elicit the improvement of the quality of Admixture Substitute Concrete using oil refined for petrochemical work (ERCO). In other words, ERCO is used to analyze the basic properties of Admixture Substitute Concrete by pre-adding the AE liquid solution on its products. As an experimental variable, the method of adding ERCO was added after mixing it with concrete. In addition, the mixing ratio was planned to be 2 levels of 0, 0.5 %, and the total volume of the AEs injection quantity is 5 % that combines 0, 1, 2, and 3 % of the mixed ERCO mass of concrete. As a result, as the pre-injection of AE was increased, the characteristics of the concrete showed that the slump, and air contents were not improved, and the pre-adopting effects of AE agent were also significantly increased in the concrete.

In this study, the correlation with a proctor penetration resistance tester is analyzed for the purpose of judging the setting time of concrete by the convenient portability of the durometer which is a rubber hardness meter.The result of this study showed a high correlation between the value of the tilt of the durometer and the measured value of the proctor penetration resistance tester.

In this study, the purpose of the study is to determine the depth of damage caused by early frost damage in concrete slab structures under the conditions of external temperature during winter. In other words, we intend to analyze the depth variation of the early frost damage as the thickness of the concrete slab member changes under the condition of the 3-component binder frequently used in practice. As a result, the thinner the component, the significantly reduced the overall temperature of the concrete. In addition, the thinner the component thickness, the higher the delay in increasing the brightness of the core collected from the concrete member, and the greater the effect on the depth of the early frost damage was on the thinner the component thickness.

In this paper, Results of mock-up test for mitigating carbonation of high volume mineral admixture concrete by spreading waste cooking oil. Concrete incorporating 60% of BS and 30% of FA with the size of 900×600×200 are discussed. Denatured Silicate paint is also applied to compare the performance. Test results indicate that the application of ERCO and DSP enhance carbonation resistance.

In this research, the investigation of the temperature condition of reinforcing bars under laboratory temperature and outside temperature conditions in the insulation curing method of Korean-Chinese concrete bubble sheet to examine the suitability of the bubble sheet curing method. As a result, the heat of hydration of the concrete on the wall part affects the exposed reinforcing bars to delay the temperature drop at the part where the bubble sheet is not laid

In previous research, the durability of the concrete was improved by filling the capillary voids with soap by the saponification reaction of the glycerin ester of the oil and the alkali of the concrete. Thus, in this research, there will be an experimental investigation on the effects of various strengths on the resistance to salt attack resistance by applying ordinary strength concrete.

In this research, the investigation of the temperature condition of reinforcing bars under laboratory temperature and outside temperature conditions in the insulation curing method of Korean-Chinese concrete bubble sheet to examine the suitability of the bubble sheet curing method. As a result, the heat of hydration of the concrete on the wall part affects the exposed reinforcing bars to delay the temperature drop at the part where the bubble sheet is not laid.

In previous research, the durability of the concrete was improved by filling the capillary voids with soap by the saponification reaction of the glycerin ester of the oil and the alkali of the concrete. Thus, in this research, there will be an experimental investigation on the effects of various strengths on the resistance to salt attack resistance by applying ordinary strength concrete.