This study aims to establish a seismic resistance performance evaluation method that makes sure to secure the seismic resistance performance of the existing mid-low story reinforced concrete structures. This study focuses on the development of the seismic resistance performance evaluation method for the overall seismic resistance performance evaluation on the buildings by applying fuzzy theory. This seismic resistance performance evaluation method considers the mutual relations among the type of force, the type of member, the type of story, and the states of deterioration of the buildings. The total seismic resistance performance index from this method was calculated by the intensity weight of each evaluation item, fuzzy measure, fuzzy integration. Moreover, the evaluation methodology was established in this study to identify the performance level of the Immediate Occupancy, Life Safe, Collapse Prevention by applying the fuzzy theory.

The demand for skyscrapers is increasing worldwide. Until now, various lateral resistance structures have been used for lateral displacement control of high-rise buildings. An outrigger damper system has been introduced recently to improve lateral dynamic response control performance further. However, a study of outrigger damper system is yet to be sufficiently investigated. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the control performance of an outrigger damper system of high-rise building under eccentric loading. To do this, an actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with an outrigger damper system was prepared. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. On the top floor torsional angle response to the earthquake load, was greatly affected by damping value. And the displacement response was affected greatly by the stiffness value and damping value of damper system. In conclusion, it is necessary to select the proper damping and stiffness values of the outrigger damper system.

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the contemporary Chinese fashion market and the competitiveness of Korean fashion brands in China. Fashion professionals experienced in both the Korean and Chinese fashion markets participated to investigate the Shanghai market and consumers. The results of in-depth interviews show that Shanghai is the most favorable city among Tier 1 cities for Korean fashion brands planning on entering into the Chinese market. Shanghai consumers are open to international brands and highly prefer newness in fashion. Contemporary menswear was selected as a potentially big market due to the increase of unique, young, upper-middle-class male consumers. The Korean fashion brands’ strength is that they are capable of satisfying Shanghai consumers with excellent product planning and sensory design capabilities. Their disadvantage is that their brand recognition is weaker than that of global and international brands, and their ability to localize to the Chinese market is weak. The opportunity comes is from the Korean Wave, which is a positive for Korea's products and has good geographical access. The threat is that the Shanghai market is fiercely competitive; having access to many worldwide brands, and the competitiveness of Chinese brands is on the rise. To enter the Shanghai market, creative design ability, trendy product development, skill, and appropriate PR methods such as using Korean culture contents would be required to satisfy the young, powerful consumers in Shanghai.

저자들은 상복부 불편감으로 발견된 바터팽대부 점막하 종양의 진단과 치료를 위해 시행한 내시경적 절제술상 신경 절세포 부신경절종과 이소성 췌장이 동시 발현된 증례를 경 험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

A retractable-roof spatial structure is frequently used for a stadium and sports hall. A retractable-roof spatial structure allows natural lighting, ventilation, optimal conditions for grass growth with opened roof. It can also protects users against various weather conditions and give optimal circumstances for different activities. Dynamic characteristics of a retractable-roof spatial structure is changed based on opened or closed roof condition. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is widely used to reduce seismic responses of a structure. When a TMD is properly tuned, its control performance is excellent. Opened or closed roof condition causes dynamic characteristics variation of a retractable-roof spatial structure resulting in off-tuning. This dynamic characteristics variation was investigated. Control performance of a passive TMD and a smart TMD were evaluated under off-tuning condition.

본 연구는 코칭과 자기결정성이론의 관계를 고찰하고 적용점을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 실 시하였다. 이를 위해 자기결정성 이론을 이루고 있는 인지평가이론, 유기체통합이론, 인과성지 향이론, 기본심리욕구이론, 목표내용이론 및 관계동기이론의 핵심적인 내용을 기술하고, 코칭 과의 관련성 및 적용점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 자기결정성 이론의 인간관은 인본주의 철학을 기 반으로 한 코칭 패러다임과 맥을 같이하며, 자기결정성 이론이 코칭철학에 심리학적 근거를 제공할 수 있음을 논의하였다. 둘째, 코칭 과정에서 자기결정성 이론을 고객과의 관계 맺기 및 목표 설정에 활용할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 셋째, 자기결정성이론으로 코칭의 중요 기술인 경청, 질문, 피드백과 고객의 기본심리욕구와의 관계를 설명하였다. 코치의 개입은 고객의 자 율성, 유능성, 관계성을 충족시키는 차원에서 활용할 때 효과적이다. 마지막으로 코칭 환경과 코치 자신에 대한 이론의 적용과 관련하여, 단기성과에 대한 압박의 해결과 코치 자신의 심리 적 욕구를 보살피는 노력의 필요성에 대해 논의했다. 자기결정성이론은 코칭의 학문적인 토대 를 강화하고, 실제 코칭의 효과성을 높이기 위해 주목해야 할 이론이다.

In recent years, an outrigger damper system has been proposed to reduce dynamic responses of tall buildings. However, a study on outrigger damper system is still in its early stages. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic response control performance of outrigger damper. To do this, a actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with outrigger damper system has been developed. El Centro earthquake was applied as an earthquake excitation. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. Analysis results, on the top floor displacement response to the earthquake load, was greatly effected by damping value. And acceleration response greatly was effected by stiffness value of damper system. Therefore, it is necessary to select that proper stiffness and damping values of the outrigger damper system.

An outrigger damper system has been proposed to reduce dynamic responses of tall buildings. In previous studies, an outrigger damper system was optimally designed to decrease a wind-induced or earthquake-induced dynamic response. When an outrigger damper system is optimally designed for wind excitation, its control performance for seismic excitation deteriorates. Therefore, a smart outrigger damper system is proposed in this study to make a control system that can simultaneously reduce both wind and seismic responses. A smart outrigger system is made up of MR (Magnetorheological) dampers. A fuzzy logic control algorithm (FLC) was used to generate command voltages sent for smart outrigger damper system and the FLC was optimized by genetic algorithm. This study shows that the smart outrigger system can provide good control performance for reduction of both wind and earthquake responses compared to the general outrigger system.

Complications that may occur after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure include pancreatitis, bleeding, cholangitis, cholecystis, perforation, and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Of these, PEP is the most common complication and 10% of patients can die from severe pancreatitis. Prevention of PEP requires the selection of an appropriate patient group according to their ERCP indications and a full awareness of the risk factors. The incidence rate can be reduced to some extent through medication and ERCP manipulation changes. The use of a spile through the guidewire during ERCP manipulation and temporary pancreatic duct stent insertion can be effective, and the administration of suppository NSAIDs as medication reduces the occurrence of PEP. Drugs such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), nafamostat, and somatostatin can be considered as the second best treatment in the cases where NSAIDs are contraindicated or where a plastic catheter cannot be inserted or fails after insertion into the pancreatic duct.

플라스틱 담도스텐트는 주로 양성 혹은 악성 담도 폐쇄시 종종 사용된다. 그러나 스텐트의 폐색은 스텐트 사용으로 인 해 발생하는 가장 큰 단점으로 이로 인해 스텐트의 개존 기간은 약 3개월이며 교체를 요하게 된다. 담도스텐트를 장기간 거치시 스텐트가 오히려 담석 형성의 병소로 작용할 수 있으며 저자들은 4년간 플라스틱 담도스텐트 거치 후 발생 한 stent-stone complex의 증례를 경험하였다. Stent-stone complex는 기계적 쇄석술과 풍선 도관을 사용하여 효과적으로 제거되었으며 모든 이물이 그러하듯이 스텐트도 장기간 거치시 담석 형성의 새로운 병소로 작용할 수 있다는 것을 고려할 필요가 있겠다.

Recently, the concept of damped outrigger system has been proposed for tall buildings. But, structural characteristics and design method of this system were not sufficiently investigated to date. In this study, the dynamic response control performance of outrigger damper has been analyzed. To this end, a simplified analysis model with outrigger damper system has been developed. Use the El Centro seismic(1940, NS) analysis was performed. Analysis results, on the top floor displacement response to the earthquake response, did not have a big effect. However, acceleration response control effect was found to be excellent. The increase of outrigger damper capacity usually results in the improved control performance. However, it is necessary to select that proper stiffness and damping values of the outrigger damper system because, the outrigger damper having large capacity is result in heavy financial burden.

A novel vibration control method for vibration reduction of a spacial structure subjected to earthquake excitation was proposed in this study. Generally, spatial structures have various vibration modes involving high-order modes and their natural frequencies are closely spaced. Therefore, in order to control these modes, a spatially distributed MTMDs (Multiple TMDs) method is proposed previously. MR (Magnetorheological) damper were used to enhance the control performance of the MTMDs. Accordingly, MSTMDs (Multiple Smart TMDs) were proposed in this study. An arch structure was used as an example structure because it has primary characteristics of spatial structures and it is a comparatively simple structure. MSTMDs were applied to the example arch structure and the seismic control performance were evaluated based on the numerical simulation. Fuzzy logic control algorithm (FLC) was used to generate command voltages sent for MSTMSs and the FLC was optimized by genetic algorithm. Based on the analytical results, it has been shown that the MSTMDs effectively decreased the dynamic responses of the arch structure subjected to earthquake loads.

Damped outrigger systems have been proposed as a novel energy dissipation system to protect tall buildings from severe earthquakes and strong wind loads. In this study, semi-active damping devices such as magnetorheological (MR) dampers instead of passive dampers are installed vertically between the outrigger and perimeter columns to achieve large and adaptable energy dissipation. Control performance of semi-active outrigger damper system mainly depends on the control algorithm. Fuzzy logic control algorithm was used to generate command voltage sent to MR damper. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the fuzzy logic controller. An artificial earthquake load was generated for numerical simulation. A simplified numerical model of damped outrigger system was developed. Based on numerical analyses, it has been shown that the semi-active damped outrigger system can effectively reduce both displacement and acceleration responses of the tall building in comparison with a passive outrigger damper system.

사유림 소유규모의 영세성과 분산성이 심각하여 합리적인 사유림경영이 어려워져 임업소득의 부진현 상이 계속됨에 따라 과학적이고 체계적인 사유림경영규모화 모델이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 대리경영제도에 계약한 임지를 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 사유림 산림경영에 관한 전반적인 현황파악 과 규모화 산림경영을 위한 중요도와 성취도를 파악하였다. 대규모 산림경영을 위해 요구되는 사항의 신뢰도 분석결과 크론바흐 알파계수(cronbach’s alpha coefficient)는 0.991로 나타났다. 중요도-성취 도 분석(IPA)결과 인력 및 임업장비의 보급체계 확립이 우선시정이 필요하고, 국고지원 확대에 따른 초 기 투자비용 절감이 지속적 노력이 필요하다고 분석되었다. 소득사업 활동의 신뢰도 분석결과 크론바흐 알파계수는 0.991로 나타났고, 중요도-성취도 분석(IPA)결과 수익간벌 등에 의한 우량 대경목 생산에 따른 소득과 단기소득 임산물을 통한 소득(산양삼, 더덕, 고사리 등)이 지속적 노력이 필요하다고 분석 되었다. 소득분배 방안의 신뢰도 분석결과는 크론바흐 알파계수는 0.986으로 나타났고, 중요도 분석결 과 계약면적에 따른 소득분배가 가장 높게 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 나타난 중요도-성취도 분석결과를 현재의 대리경영제도에 적용한다면 산주의 의견이 수렴된 보다 합리적인 산림경영이 가능할 것으로 판 단된다.

Recently, the concept of damped outrigger system has been proposed for tall buildings. But, structural characteristics and design method of this system were not sufficiently investigated to date. In this study, the dynamic response control performance of outrigger damper has been analyzed. To this end, a simplified analysis model with outrigger damper system has been developed. An artificial wind of 1000 seconds with 0.1 second time steps was generated by using a Kaimal spectrum. Analysis results show that outrigger damper system is more effective up to 20-23% in the control of dynamic response compared to conventional outrigger system. The increase of outrigger damper capacity usually results in the improved control performance. However, it is necessary to select that proper stiffness and damping values of the outrigger damper system because, the outrigger damper having large capacity is result in heavy financial burden.

배경/목적: 2012년 급성췌장염의 애틀랜타 분류 개정안이 발표되었고 이후 널리 이용하고 있다. 본 연구는 1992년 애틀랜타 분류와 2012년 개정안을 이용하여 급성췌장염 환자를 분류한 후 임상경과를 비교하였다. 방법: 2012년 1월부터 2013년 7월 사이 대구경북지역 6개 대형 병원에 입원한 총 574명의 급성췌장염 환자를 대상으 로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 1992년 애틀랜타 분류와 2012 년 개정안을 이용하여 중등도 평가를 시행하고 인구 통계 자료, 장기부전, 국소합병증, 입원기간, 임상경과 등을 분석하였다.결과: 대상 중 377명(65.7%)이 남성이었다. 연령의 중간값 은 55.4세였다. 급성췌장염의 2대 원인은 음주(238명, 41.5%)와 담석(193명, 33.6%)이었다. 2012년 개정안에 따르 면 경증췌장염은 356명(62%), 중등췌장염은 197명(34.3%), 중증췌장염은 21명(3.7%)이었다. 입원기간은 중증도 증가에 따라 통계학적으로 유의하여 증가하였다(경증 5.9일, 중 등 8.3일, 중증 13일, p <0.001). 모든 경증 및 중등췌장염 환자는 임상적으로 호전되었다. 하지만, 호전을 보이지 않은 11명은 모두 중증췌장염에 속했다. 결론: 애틀랜타 분류 개정안이 급성췌장염의 임상경과를 예측하는 데 있어 좋은 방법이다.

A shared tuned mass damper (STMD) was proposed in previous research for reduction of dynamic responses of the adjacent buildings subjected to earthquake loads. A single STMD can provide similar control performance in comparison with two traditional TMDs. In previous research, a passive damper was used to connect the STMD with adjacent buildings. In this study, a smart magnetorheological (MR) damper was used instead of a passive damper to compose an adaptive smart STMD (ASTMD). Control performance of the ASTMD was investigated by numerical analyses. For this purpose, two 8-story buildings were used as example structures. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was used to control the command voltages sent to two MR dampers. The MIMO FLC was optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Numerical analyses showed that the ASTMD can effectively control dynamic responses of adjacent buildings subjected to earthquake excitations in comparison with a passive STMD.