The late-maturing black rice cultivar Shinnongheugchal from Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Service was used as the plant material for estimating growth characters, quality and yield from the vegetation period to harvest age. This study was performed to select an optimum combination of nitrogen level and planting density for the maximum yield of Shinnongheugchal. The plant height, number of tillers, and SPAD index were higher when the combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level was used at 30 days after transplanting. The heading date for the combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level, and 80 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level was August 22. The heading date for the other combinations was August 21. The combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level yielded the highest number of tillers at 40 days after flowering. Even though the lodging index was increased with increasing nitrogen levels, field lodging did not occur until harvest time. Seed nitrogen concentration in the combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level showed a significant difference when compared with the other combinations. The black rice yield varied significantly, and the highest yield was observed in the combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. The yield was significantly correlated with seed nitrogen concentration. The maximum yield was estimated to be 14.67 kg/10 a nitrogen level by using the regression equation. On average, the coloring degree of the black rice was higher at planting density of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 than at 80 hills per 3.3 m 2 . The highest yield of perfect black rice was obtained using the combination of 70 hills per 3.3 m 2 and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. Our findings demonstrate that a nitrogen level of 13-14 kg/10 a can be used to obtain the maximum yield from Shinnongheugchal with yield, cyanidin 3-glucoside content, and perfect black rice yield as the standard.

Removal characteristics of Cu(II) ions by solid-phase extractant immobilized D2EHPA and TBP in PVC were investigated. Cu(II) ion concentrations in the solution and removal capacity of Cu(II) ion according to operation time were compared. The lower the initial concentration of Cu(II) ion in aqueous solution was, the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion by solid-phase extractant was increased relatively. The bigger the initial concentration of Cu(II) ion was, the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was increased relatively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics according to operation time was showed more satisfying results than the pseudo-first-order kinetics for the removal velocity of Cu(II) ion. The removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was 0.025 mg/g in aqueous solution of pH 2, but the removal capacity of Cu(II) ion was increased to 0.33 mg/g mg/g in aqueous solution of pH 4 according to increasing pH.

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of the representative 10 kinds components consisting of gasoline vapor on activated carbon were investigated at the temperature range of -30℃∼25℃. The breakthrough curves of each vapors obtained by the Thomas model were well described the breakthrough experimental results of this study. The breakthrough times of each vapors were correlated with the molecular weight, density, and vapor pressure. The breakthrough times had greater correlation with boiling point than molecular weight and density. The slope of the breakthrough curve was a proportional relationship with the rate constant (k) of Thomas model expression. The higher the slope of the breakthrough curve, the rate constant was larger. The biggest slope vapor had the smallest adsorption capacity (qe). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of mixed vapor similar to the gasoline vapor were studied at room temperature (25℃). The mixed vapor consisting of 9 components; group A (pentane, hexene, hexane), group B (benzene, toluene), group C (octane, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane) was examined. Group A was not nearly adsorbed because of substitution by group C, and the desorption capacity of group A was smaller than group C. The adsorbed substances were confirmed to be Group C.

On this study, the laboratory model test is a soil tanker to be contained with clay and grid form improved soil, the test model is conducted in total 9case with the uniaxial compressive strength of improved soil and replacement ratio of improved soil. Numerical analysis for variation of stress distribution ratio with depth is performed in the same conditions which are the laboratory model test. As a result, stress distribution ratios in mid and high replacement ratio are increasing and settlement is decreasing, except low replacement ratio. This study is presented for form effect ratio and settlement reduction factor with change of structure form, it is able to be helpful in further research and reference for change of structural forms at composite ground.

The efficiency of coal-based activated carbon in removing methylene blue (MB) and phenol from aqueous solution was investigated in batch experiments. The batch adsorption kinetics were described by applying pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and first order reversible reaction. The results showed that the adsorption of MB and phenol occurs complexed process including external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 461.0 mg/g for MB and 194.6 mg/g for phenol, respectively. The values of activation parameters such as free energy (△G˚), enthalpy (△H˚), and entropy (△S˚) were also determined as -19.0∼-14.9 kJ/mol, 25.4 kJ/mol, and 135.2 J/mol K for MB and 51.8∼54.1 kJ/mol, -29.0 kJ/mol, and -76.4 kJ/mol K for phenol, respectively. The MB adsorption was found to be endothermic and spontaneous process. However, the CV adsorption was found to be exothermic and non-spontaneous process.

Desorption characteristics of VOCs were investigated for the effective recovery of gasoline vapor. The adsorption capacity and desorption capacity were excellent at relatively low temperatures. The differences in the desorption capacity were not large in the condition; desorption temperature 25℃, desorption pressure 760 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 0.5 L/min, but were relatively great in the condition; desorption temperature 0℃, desorption pressure 60 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 1.0 L/min. The desorption ability of pentane was increased to about 81.4%, and the desorption ability of hexane was increased to about 102%, also the desorption ability of toluene was increased to about 156.7% by changes of temperature, pressure, inlet air flow rate in the experimental conditions. The optimum desorption condition for the effective recovery of VOCs was in the conditions; desorption temperature 0℃, desorption pressure 60 mmHg, inlet air flow rate 1.0 L/min.

A soft rock fracture zone is an important element for rock slope or earth retaining, however stability studies of earth retaining wall have been lack. Therefore, this study is analyzed for a behavior of earth retaining wall with condition of fracture zone or no fracture zone and then a numerical analysis (Finite Element Method) was performed considering interaction with field monitoring data between ground and structures. As a result, applied horizontal displacement on retaining wall is correspond between result of numerical analysis and field monitoring data and displacement point stress distribution with fracture zone condition analyzed to be stable side but no fracture zone condition is expressed to be unstable side. The results of this study is purpose for applying safety construction as a top priority at field when designing for future.

Based on the yield line theory, a theoretical model to predict the ultimate strength of fiber reinforced slab-on-grade subjected to concentric load was developed. The validity of the developemd model was examined by comparing its predictions with the test results obtained from SOGs reinforced either with conventional steel fibers or amorphous steel fibers. The average ratio of the theoretical predictions to experimental results on ultimate strength was 1.06.

Korea is a peninsula which has a lot of soft ground including coastal areas. This soft ground is consisted of clay or silt and it generally has features of high compressibility. Therefore, in order to build a structure, high compressibility ground is needed carrying out ground improvement using deep cement-mixing method. As a Fig 1, this study is evaluated for the applicability of which are load sharing ratio, stress distribution ratio, pore water pressure and settlement with grid structure form

The purpose of this work is to study the desorption characteristics of water vapor on zeolites saturated with water vapor. Three kinds of zeolite; zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A, and zeolite 5A were used as adsorbent. The desorption experiments with several different temperatures in the range of 90∼150℃ and several different flow rates in the ranges of 0∼0.4 L/min on zeolite bed were carried out. The desorption ability of water vapor was most effective on zeolite 5A among the compared zeolites. The higher the desorption temperature of water vapor was, the faster the desorption velocity was. The desorption ability of water vapor with an air supply was higher than that without an air supply. The most appropriate air flow rate was considered as 0.1 L/min.

Experimental observations and theoretical predictions were presented for a total of 8 reinforced concrete wall with all sides being exposed to ISO standard heating curve. In the modeling of wall axial deformation under constant load at varying elevated temperature conditions, numerical models on heat transfer and spalling were considered along with the mechanical model. Based on the model, preditions on the fire resistance of the bearing wall under the axial load was presented.

The purpose of this work is to study the adsorption and desorption characteristics of acetone vapor and toluene vapor from adsorption tower in the VOCs recovery device. The six kinds of activated carbon with different pore structures were used and the adsorption and desorption characteristics were compared according to pore structure, desorption temperature, and adsorption method, respectively. Adsorption capacity of acetone vapor and toluene vapor by batch method was higher than that by dynamic method. Especially, activated carbon with medium-sized or large pores had more difference in adsorption capacity according to adsorption methods as a result of gradually condensation of vapors on relatively mesopore and large pores. Activated carbons with relatively large pores and relatively small saturated adsorption capacity had excellent desorption ability.

Vinclozolin(3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione; VCZ)은 dicarboximide계 살균제로서 전세계적으로 식용식물 재배에 널리 사용되고 있다. VCZ은 항안드로겐으로 작용하여 내분비계 교란효과로도 잘 알려져 있으며, 설치류 수컷의 사춘기 개시에 미치는 영향에 대해서 많은 연구가 보고되어 있다. 그러나 암컷에서의 사춘기 개시에 미치는 영향에 대하여는 연구된 바가 없으므로 본 연구는 VCZ 노출이 암컷 사춘기 개시에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 갓 이유한 암컷흰쥐(PND 21; S.D. strain)에 VCZ을 0(대조군), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg/day의 농도별로 5개 실험군으로 나누어 매일 경구 투여하였으며, 대조군에서 질구 개방이 일어나는 날 일괄적으로 희생하였다. 생식기관의 성숙상태를 각 조직의 무게 및 조직학적 연구로 조사하였다. 또한 사춘기 개시와 성 스테로이드 호르몬 수용체 유전자 발현간의 관계를 조사하기 위해 뇌하수체, 시상하부, 자궁, 난소에서 ER-α, ER-β, PR의 mRNA 수준을 조사하였으며, 시상하부-뇌하수체-난소 호르몬 축 상에서 발현되는 생식호르몬 관련 유전자들의 활성에 미치는 VCZ의 효과를 측정하기 위해 시상하부에서의 GnRH, Kiss-1, GPR54와 뇌하수체에서의 Cα, LH-β, FSH-β의 mRNA 수준을 조사하였다. 난소와 자궁의 무게는 VCZ의 투여 농도에 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. mRNA의 조사 결과, 고농도의 VCZ 투여 모델(1 mg 투여군과 10 mg 투여군)에서 시상하부의 GnRH, Kiss-1, GPR54의 mRNA 발현이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 뇌하수체의 Cα, LH-β, FSH-β의 mRNA 수준 역시 대체적으로 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 또한 자궁과 난소에서 ER-α, ER-β, PR의 mRNA 수준도 감소 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시상하부와 뇌하수체에서 ER-α, ER-β, PR의 mRNA 수준은 대체로 감소하는 듯한 경향을 보였으나 유의하지 않았다. 조직학적 조사 결과, VCZ의 투여 농도에 따라 난소와 수란관, 자궁, 질의 성숙이 지연됨이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 사춘기 개시 이전의 시기에 VCZ의 지속적인 노출은 시상하부-뇌하수체-난소의 생식호르몬 축의 활성을 저하시키고, 그 결과 암컷의 사춘기 개시가 비정상적으로 조절되어 난소-자궁의 발달이 지연됨을 보여준 것이다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 항안드로겐 노출에 의해 암컷 사춘기 전후 에스트로겐 작용이 교란될 가능성을 시사한다.

본 연구는 야생 참당귀의 무균묘 확보, 대량생산체계 확립 및 품종개발을 위해 기내발아와 기관유도에 미치는 PGRs의 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 종자발아 실험은 전처리로 GA3 침지시간(0, 24h, 48h, 72h) 및 종자의 처리 방법(대조구, 기계적가상 처리, 표면 메탄올 가열 소독법)을 달리하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 GA3에 침지시키지 않고 메탄올 가열법으로 처리한 종자를 0.5 mg/L GA3가 첨가된 배지에서 가장 높은 발아율(15%)을 보였으나 저조하여 발아율 향상을 위해 초음파(frequency 80 KHz) 및 PGRs(GA3, BA, TDZ)를 처리하였다. 그 결과 초음파 처리 후 메탄올 가열법으로 처리 한 종자를 0.1 mg/L GA3가 첨가된 배지에 치상하여 발아율(60%)을 증진 시킬 수 있었다. 기내 발아된 식물체로부터 기관유도에 미치는 PGRs(2,4-D, NAA, TDZ, BA)의 영향을 살펴본 결과 캘러스 유도는 줄기, 뿌리, hypocotyl을 1.0 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BA 처리구에 치상하였을 때 높은 유도율을 보였다. 신초와 뿌리유도는 각각 hypocotyl(PGRs 무첨가)과 뿌리(0.1 mg/L NAA 첨가구)에서 효율적으로 분화되었다. 또한 줄기(1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 처리구)와 hypocotyl(0.1 mg/L NAA 처리구) 조직에서 체세포배가 발생되어 MS 기본배지에 계대배양하여 정상적인 식물체로의 육성이 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통해 무균묘 확보 및 대량생산 체계를 확립하였으며 이를 통해 신품종 개발에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, Coastal reclamation, as a method of efficient land use, has been actively performed in Korea. As Korea has three way coast lines and lack of land resource, dredged reclamation is selected the useful way. In this paper, by performing self-weight consolidation test, characteristics of sedimentation and self-weight consolidation are grasped for condition of dredge soil. And Concentration of design is also determined. In addition, by performing test for Concentration of suspended solid, a study on the behavior of suspended soild with various fine contents.

This work is to study the variations of adsorption characteristics of binary vapor according to packing system of double-layer bed by fixed bed experiment. Breakthrough curves of single and binary vapor composed of acetone and benzene on single-layer and double-layer adsorption bed composed of activated carbon (AC) and silica-aluminar (SA) were compared. Adsorptions of binary vapor on double-layer bed were influenced by the differences of surface area between adsorbents as well as the polarity difference between adsorbent and adsorbate. The roll-up phenomenon of acetone vapor was happened by replacement with competing adsorption between acetone vapor and benzene vapor on AC bed, but it was not happened on SA bed because acetone vapor and benzene vapor had less difference in affinity with SA bed. The breakthrough times of acetone vapor and benzene vapor on AC/SA double-layer bed were three times and 1.4 times larger respectively than on SA/AC double-layer bed, the differences of breakthrough times were relatively larger than the equilibrium adsorption capacities according to packing system of double-layer bed.

수십 년 경과한 노후화된 터널에 대한 효율적인 유지관리를 통한 안정성 확보와 공용수명을 연장시켜야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 재래식 터널은 주변 지반의 물리적 특성, 터널의 기하학적 특성, 지하수위 및 환경, 라이닝의 산화와 구성재료의 변상에 따라 터널의 안정성 및 사용성이 저하될 수 있다. 장기적인 측면에서 터널 구조물의 사용성을 증대시키고 효과적인 유지관리 방안을 마련하기 위해서는 각종 성능저하 현상, 손상정도 및 내구성을 장기적으로 점검해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 공용 중인 재래식 터널(American Steel Support Method, ASSM)의 안정성을 분석하기 위한 연구 내용으로서 1930년대와 1960년대의 시공된 터널을 각각 3개씩 선정하였고, 연구의 신롸성을 확보하기 위하여 충청지역, 경북지역, 강원지역, 전라지역 등 다양하게 하였다. 분석내용은 공용중인 재래식 터널의 라이닝의 보수⋅보강, 균열조사, 라이닝 두께 및 라이닝 강도 등을 조사 연구하여 비교⋅분석 하였고, 균열조사는 균열게이지, 공동현상은 GPR, 강도는 슈미트해머를 이용하여 재래식 터널의 비교⋅분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 1930년대 터널은 균열발생이 더 많이 발생하였고, 라이닝강도도 높게 평가되었다. 라이닝두께는 1960년대가 더 두꺼운 것으로 확인되었으며, 비례적으로 공동현상도 1930년대보다 더 많이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다.