This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the glucide metabolism in serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group (group DMG) and STZ+Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (group DMS) than those in the control group (group BD). However, the concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were reduced in the group DMS than those in the group DMG. The activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in serum was lower in the group DMS than in the group DMG. The activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group DMS (Cordyceps militaris extract administration) than in the group DMG. The results indicate that Cordyceps militaris extract were effective in the improvement of the glucide metabolism in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

This study, changes in raw water quality is to indicate on the efficiency of ozone treatment of each pollutant as compared to derive the appropriate operating measures. The appropriate selection for injection rate of pre-ozone and did not inject pre-ozone assess changes in the water. When good water quality, you not injected of pre-ozone to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity and put the most cost-effective ozone concentration were evaluated. Evaluation remove organic matter and chlorophyll-a concentration level in experiments with each factor of the water DOC> 2.5 ㎎ / L, THMFP> 70 ㎍ / L, Chl-a> 30 ㎎/ ㎥or less constant process, if you do not need to put pre-ozone showed little impact. It also does not put you in pre-ozone appropriate produce enough power rate savings was calculated as approximately 90 million won. Ability to remove organic materials and the ability to produce disinfection byproducts, and cost-effective decisions by considering the concentration of injection if pre-ozone 1 mg/L was investigated by the appropriate concentration of ozone injection.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid compositions and hepatic functional enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose and lipid compositions(total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride and phospholipid) and atherosclerotic index in serum were significantly lower in the DM+CM group than in the DM group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol in the DM+CM group were higher than in the DM group. The activities of hepatic functional enzymes(aminotransferase, LDH and ALP) in serum were lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group(group DM+CM) than in the hyperglycemic DM group. The results shown above suggested that Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation effectively improves blood glucose and atherosclerosis in the serum of diabetic rats.

Fibers of microbial polyesters, poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) (HB-co-HV) were prepared by electrospinning method. The obtained fibers were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and oil absorption. The formation of fibers was strongly dependent on a concentration of solution. At a low concentration, the fibers contained beads which is from aggregation of polymer due to short evaporation time. The fine fibers with 2-5 mm diameter were obtained at 20 wt% concentration. The contact angle measurement showed that the fiber had higher water contact angle than the film due to the lotus-like effect. Oil absorbency showed that the fiber had higher than the film. Specially, the HB-co-HV fiber which was spinned from 20 wt% absorbed 65% oil which is much higher than that of a normal polypropylene-based oil paper.

This is made of domestic and foreign coal activated carbon of five species, physicochemical adsorption efficient about sterilize products and micro harmful substances and is a result of the economic evaluation. The most well-developed micropores bed volume 123,409 of AC-1 activate carbon appeared to be the best next AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, AC-5 followed by activated carbon was investigated. PFOA and PFOS in the BV 96,000 when evaluating foreign types of adsorption activated carbon adsorption capacity was greater when more than PFOA, PFOS showed that the adsorption well. The economic evaluation of activated carbon usage in chloroform (CUR) was most excellent as a AC-1 4.3 g/day, the next AC-2, AC-3, AC-4, AC-5 there are two types of foreign economic order appears to have appeared, but the current domestic market when applying the price AC-1, AC-3, AC-2, AC-4, AC-5 order was investigated.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, lipid peroxide, creatinine and enzyme (creatine phosphokinase; CPK, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT) activities in the sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and CPK, LDH, ALP activities in sera were fairly reduced in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). However, no significance was found in the effect of an creatinine concentration among the groups. The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). From these results, Cordyceps militaris extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

The aims of this study were to investigate and confirm the occurrence and distribution patterns of iodinated X-ray contrast media (iopromide) in Nakdong river basin (mainstream and its tributaries). Iopromide was detected in 16 sampling sites. The concentration levels of iopromide on February 2011 and on October 2011 in surface water samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 1481.1 ng/L and ND to 1168.2 ng/L, respectively. The highest concentration level of iopromide in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jincheon-cheon, respectively. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) along the river affect the iopromide levels in river and the iopromide levels decreased with downstream because of dilution effects.

Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethans (THMs), haloacetic acid (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and others from chlorination of algogenic organic matter (AOM) of Microcystis sp., a blue-green algae. AOM of Microcystis sp. exhibited a high potential for DBPs formation. HAAs formation potential was higher than THMs and HANs formation potential. The percentages of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) formation potential were 43.4% and 51.4% in the total HAAs formation potential. In the case of HANs formation potential, percentage of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation potential was 97.7%. Other DBPs were aldehydes and nitriles such as acetaldehyde, methylene chloride, isobutyronitrile, cyclobutanecarbonitrile, pentanenitrile, benzaldehyde, propanal, 2-methyl, benzyl chloride, (2-chloroethyl)-benzene, benzyl nitrile, 2-probenenitrile and hexanal.

This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Cordyceps militaris hot-water extract intake on the improvement of lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol (total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), atherosclerotic index, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in sera were remarkably lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher percentage in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. The activities aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in sera were rather lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration than in the hyperlipidemic rats. From the above research, Cordyceps militaris extract were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in sera of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

The aims of this study were to investigated the occurrence of caffeine and carbamazepine in Nakdong river basin (8 mainstreams and 2 tributaries) and the behavior of caffeine and carbamazepine under drinking water treatment processes (conventional and advanced processes). The examination results showed that caffeine was detected at all sampling sites (5.4 ∼558.5 ng/L), but carbamazepine was detected at five sampling sites (5.1∼79.4 ng/L). The highest concentration level of caffeine and carbamazepine in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jinchun-cheon, respectively. These pharmaceutical products were completely removed when they were subject to conventional plus advanced processes of drinking water treatment processes. Conventional processes of coagulation, sedimentation and sand-filtration were not effective for their removal, while advanced processes of ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration were effective. Among these pharmaceuticals, carbamazeoine was more subject to ozonation than caffeine.

To improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)/waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) composites, the hydroxyl group of HA was modified by urethane reactions: the hydroxyl groups of HA were reacted with aliphatic or cyclic diisocyanate, and then the modified HAs were extended by adding polyol and/or ε-caprolactone. Composites were prepared by the prepolymer process method: the modified HA was directly pured into the urethane reaction of isocyanate and polyol. The properties of modified HA/WBPU composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength, and water resistance. The results showed that the reactivity of aliphatic diisocyanate to the hydroxy group of HA was faster than that of cyclic one. Comparing to those of pure HA/WBPU composite films, the thermal stability, water resistance, and mechanical properties of the modified composite films increased with a degree of modification of HA.

This study was conducted to examine the influences of chitosan, sericin and collagen extract complexes (1:1:1, w/w/w, CSC-F-005) in blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain) fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were effective on the metabolic regulation in diabetic rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the extract complexes (CSC-F-005) than in the diabetic rats. The results shown above suggested that CSC-F-005 extract complexes supplementation effectively improvement of blood glucose and lipid components in the serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The objective of this study was to assess improvements caused by chitosan, sericin and collagen peptide extract complexes (1:1:1, w/w/w, CSC-F-005) in lipid concentrations in the sera of dyslipidemic rats (SD strain) fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, phospholipid and blood glucose were effective on the metabolic regulation of dyslipidemic rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were remarkably lower in the extract complexes (CSC-F-005) than in the dyslipidemic model. From the above results shows that CSC-F-005 extract complexes were effective on the improvement of the lipid metabolism in sera of dyslipidemic rats.

The objectives of this research are to investigate the proper coagulation conditions which are a type and doses of coagulants, mixing conditions (velocity gradients and mixing times), pH and so on through Jar-test, to evaluate the flux variations, permeate, backwashing according to characteristics of pretreatment of the wastewater by means of MF membranes for river maintenance water reuse. The effluent water from B-city K-sewage treatment plant are used for this research. Turbidity and suspended solids(SS) are 14.2 NTU and 10.4 mg/L respectively. This condition causes fouling for membrane process. The flux decline could be reduced when coagulation pretreatment was carried out. Optimal coagulations PAC which are commonly used in the sewage treatment plant was observed in this research. The results indicate that an optimal coagulation dose and pH are 80 ppm and pH of 7 respectively, but coagulation efficiency was lower at strong acid or strong base. Results showed that continuous and steady operations in membrane separation process by means of the effective removal of organic matter and turbidity with coagulation pretreatment of sewage secondary effluent were achieved.

The main objectives of this research are to investigate characteristics of ozone solubility due to low solubility of conventional bubbles-ozone generators, evaluate the treatment characteristics of reclaiming textile wastewater for industrial water by means of micro/nano bubbles-dissolved ozone flotation(MNB-DOF) process. The textile wastewater used in this research was obtained from final effluent of the textile wastewater in B city. There is a 400L reactor which consists of a micro-nano bubble system and a ozone generator for experiments. As a result of generating micro-nano bubbles (below 0.5 ㎛) by using of MNB-DOF process, it improved ozone solubility due to higher ozone transfer rates. Consequently, the shorter ozonation time clearly indicates the lower power costs. The reported results clearly indicated that MNB-DOF process can be effectively and inexpensively. Results of the experiments through MNB-DOF process in this study satisfy all reclaiming standards as industrial water: pH 6.5～8.5, SS 10 mg/L or below, BOD_5 6 mg/L or below, turbidity 10 NTU or below, Coliforms 1,000/100 mL or below. Therefore there is a possibility of the reclaiming of the textile wastewater as industrial water.

The effects of addition of non degradable polymers, polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on the rate of enzymatic degradation of biodegradable poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) have been studied in term of surface structure. Since a component in multicomponent polymeric system has shown surface enrichment, PS and PMMA which have lower surface energy than PLLA were selected as a minor blend component (5 wt%). Enzymatic degradation was carried out at 37 ºC and pH 8.5 in the aqueous solution of Proteinase K. Two blend systems, partially miscible (PS/PLLA) and immiscible (PMMA/PLLA), showed the surface enrichment of 4 and 2 times of PS and PMMA, respectively. From the weight loss profile data, the slow degradation rate of both blend films was observed. This indicates that PS or PMMA domains which exist at surface act as a retardant of enzymatic attack.

Emissions of leachate, odor, and landfill gas(LFG) from an open-dumping landfill site do harm to public health by contaminating neighboring soil, underground water, and rivers. Particularly, methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2), the main components of LFG, are especially noted as the causing material of the global warming that become seriously recognized worldwide issue. As one of alternatives in managing LFG, incineration of inflammable wastes that are generated during excavation process at an open-dumping landfill has been evaluated. Standard on stabilization for evaluation, neither CH4 density nor CO2 density could not Because meet 'less than 5%' criterion and so it is right to install a gas collection system during landfill renewal to prevent diffusion of odor and collect it. Because it shows considerable heating value, incineration of inflammable wastes might be the reasonable solution from the result of our study.