예이츠를 단순히 반기독교를 주장한 시인이라고 보기는 어렵다. 그동안 예이츠를 주로 불교, 힌두교, 동양사상 등의 관점으로 살펴보았지만 이 연구는 예이츠 의 기독교(성)에 중심을 두고 연구했다. 본 연구를 통하여 예이츠를 단순히 기독교와 는 대립 되는 시인으로 단정한다면 모순이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그의 몇몇 작품에서는 예이츠가 기독교 『성경』의 내용을 차용했음을 알 수 있다.

장미십자회의 이론에서 가장 눈에 띠는 사항 중에 하나는 자연에 대한 관념이다. 장미십자회의 이론가들은 자연에 순종하는 것이 인간 삶의 기본이며 아울러 자연은 인간에게 무한한 아름다움을 선사한다고 주장한다. 또한 자연을 포함해 우주 만물에는 생명력이 존재하므로 우리는 이를 사랑의 시선으로 보아야한다는 것이다. 그 러나 문제는 자연을 묘사하는 방식인데 예이츠는 자연물에 아름다움이 포함되어 있다 는 사실을 인식하고서 그것이 지닌 아름다움을 표현하고자 노력한 시인이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 장미십자회의 이론가들은 대상을 관찰하는 시각 전환을 요구하는 데 이를 위해서는 우리 인간들도 생성이 아니라 재생으로 자세를 변형시켜야함을 강조한다.

「리틀 기딩」의 본류에는 전쟁이라는 큰 사건이 흐르고 있다. 물론 20 세기 전쟁 뿐 아니라 17세기에 발생했던 장미전쟁까지도 엘리엇은 관심 의 대상으로 삼고 있다. 그러나 문제는 그 전쟁을 과거의 단순한 사건 으로 치부해서는 아무런 의미가 없다는 것을 인식하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 엘리엇의 주장대로 “의미로 재생된 과거의 경험”이 「리틀 기딩」에서 구체화되고 있는 것이다. 과거에 대한 재해석을 위해서는 현재 를 판단의 중심 시제로 삼고 과거의 사건에 대해 알맞은 의미를 부가하 는 것이 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 즉, 과거의 사건을 그대로 과거로 남겨 두어서는 의미가 없으며 그것을 재석할 필요가 있다는 것이다. 이 논리 를 엘리엇은「리틀 기딩」에서 그대로 보여주고 있다.

사실 엘리엇은 ｢드라이 샐베이지즈｣를 창작하기 이전부터 바가바드 기타 에 관심이 있었다고 한다. 이 사실을 통하여 알 수 있듯이 이 둘 사이에는 미묘한 공통분모가 존재한다. 먼저 다양한 신들이 존재한다는 사실과 신의 성격이 단순하지 않다는 점을 공통적으로 볼 수 있고 또한 우주만물 중에 하나인 인간은 늘 변 화될 수 있는 가능성을 내포하고 있는 반면에 바가바드 기타 에 나타 난 최고의 신인 브라만은 항상성을 유지하고 있다는 사실을 알 수 있 다. 그래서 브라만과의 소통을 위해서는 인간은 늘 끊임없이 정진(행동) 해야 하되 다만 그 과정에서 개인적인 욕구나 욕망이 존재해서는 안된 다. 이는 인간에게는 어려울 수 있지만 성자는 가능하다는 것이 바가 바드 기타 와 ｢드라이 샐베이지즈｣에 나타난 공통적 특징이라 할 수 있다.

The genetic diversity among the genus Viola was evaluated using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. A total of 142 distinct amplification fragments by 18 random primers were scored to perform the cluster analysis with UPGMA. Viola species from the subsection Patellares were clustered into group I to IV. The groups from I to IV were consistent with its morphological taxonomy, series Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares in the subsection Patellares, respectively. Even though V. albida and V. albida var. takahasii were classified in Chinensis, they were assigned into group I. The cluster analysis separated other subsections from Patellares in the section Nomimium. Interestingly, V. verecunda and V. grypoceras in subsections Biobatae and Trigonocarpae, respectively, were clustered into group C with a high similarity coefficient. Therefore, RAPD analysis can be used for providing an alternative classification system to identify genotypes and morphological characters of Viola species.

Nitrate reductase deficient (NR) mutant lines were selected indirectly by their resistance to 100mM chlorate in cell cultures of P. parviflora. A total of 585 chlorate resistant lines were confirmed by a second passage on a high concentration of chlorate. Frequency of spontaneous mutation was 9.7×10-7 in 3 month old suspension-cultured cells, and in non-selective media containing amino acids as sole nitrogen source. The frequency of mutation could be increased up to 11-fold by culture for 12 months. Out of 40 randomly selected calli, 22 were fully deficient in NR. The rest of the clones contained a decreased level of NR activity. Further characterization was carried out in 13 mutant lines which were fully deficient in NR and in 5 mutant lines containing residual (0-7.0%) NR activity, as compared to wild-type cells cultured on the same medium. The NR- mutants were tentatively classified as defective in the NR apoenzyme (nia-type; 11 mutant lines including the 5 with residual NR activity) or in the molybdenum cofactor (cnx-type; 7 mutant lines) by the XDH activity. The cnx-type could be further classified into two groups. In one group (5 mutant lines) of these, the NR activity could be partially restored by nonphysiologically high (1.0mM) molybdate in the culture medium. Both types of NR- mutants were unable to grow on minimal medium containing nitrate as sole nitrogen source, but grew well on amino acids. They also proved to be extremely sensitive to the standard medium (MSP1) containing nitrate and ammonium. Shoot regeneration was obtained only in the NR- mutants, which contained residual NR activity, but they so far have failed to grow into plants.

The methanolic (MeOH) extract of A. fruticosa bark, which showed immune-regulatory activities, was separated to purify an active compared by means of a multi-stage column chromatography. This resulted in the isolation and characterization of an isoflavone glycoside named 4', 6-Dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Immuno-regulatory activities of the crude extract of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE bark were compared with that of an isoflavone glycoside (4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside). The crude methanolic extract of A. fruticosa and purified single compound showed 16% of relatively low cytotoxicity at a maximum concentration of 1.0 g/L in cultivated normal human lung cell line (HEL299). Cell growth of human T cells was increased up to 15%, 0.5 g/L of the crude extract added group. This was higher than a single compound added one. On the other hand, specific production rates of IL-6 and TNF-α from T cell were higher in the purified compound treat group (0.82×10-4 pg/cell and 1.08×10-4 pg/cell, respectively), compared to 0.5 g/L of the crude extract added group (0.65×10-4 pg/cell and 0.84×10-4 pg/cell, respectively). In addition, the growth of NK-92MI cells incubated with the crude extract was higher up to 56% over the cells grown with a single compound (0.5 g/L). In overall, the crude extract showed relatively higher immuno-regulatory activities compared with a single compound, probably due to the synergic effect given by other substances existed in the crude extract. Even though the siolated compound stimulated higher secretion of cytokines from human T cells.

When we carried out an anti-stress study using the extracts of A. senticosus, R. coreanus, F .japonica root, and A. fruticosa fruit grown in Korea, the results showed that blood cell counts returned to normal levels fastest with R. coreanus after stress application. The total WBC count was decreased in mice due to stress, whereas the number of lymphocytes was increased. The serum glucose level was higher in the control group compared with the comparative stress group. The weight of each organ to returning to normal level was significantly faster in those mice treated with the extracts compared with those in control groups. Especially, it even return to that of normal level with R. coreanus extract, suggesting that the administration of the plant extracts in this study would affect hormonal activities in the body to increase immune activities. F. japonica root that showed the highest anti-stress activities maybe effective for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. These results would provide basic data to examine anti-stress effects of natural plants. Further in-depth studies could contribute in the development of functional plant materials with anti-stress activities.

Present studies were carried out to produce tetraploid plants by colchicine treatment using seeds, seedlings and shoot tips of Codonopsis lanceolata. Three tetraploid plants of C. lanceolata were produced from seeds which absorbed 0.1 % colchicine solution for 12 hours, and 0.5% colchicine solution for 1 and 6 hours from seedlings, respectively. But tetraploid was not produced from shoot tips treated by colchicine solution. Compared to diploid, tetraploid plants had larger stomata, but less number of stomata. Fresh weight of tetraploid plants was 1.4∼3.6 times heavier than diploid plants.

Present studies were carried out to produce tetraploid plants by colchicine treatment using seeds, seedlings and shoot tips of Platycodon grandiflorum in Campanulaceae. The most successful colchicine treatment for tetraploid production in P. grandiflorum was soaking treatment using 0.01 and 0.5% colchicine solution for 1 hour and 12 hours, respectively. Morphological characteristics of both diploid and tetraploid were similar, but tetraploid plants had more leaves. Compared to diploid, tetraploid had the larger stomata, but less number of stomata. Fresh weight of tetraploids was 20∼40% heavier than that of diploid.