Highly safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are required for large-scale applications such as electrical vehicles and energy storage systems. A highly stable cathode is essential for the development of safe LIBs. LiFePO4 is one of the most stable cathodes because of its stable structure and strong bonding between P and O. However, it has a lower energy density than lithium transition metal oxides. To investigate the high energy density of phosphate materials, vanadium phosphates were investigated. Vanadium enables multiple redox reactions as well as high redox potentials. LiVPO4O has two redox reactions (V5+/V4+/V3+) but low electrochemical activity. In this study, LiVPO4O is doped with fluorine to improve its electrochemical activity and increase its operational redox potential. With increasing fluorine content in LiVPO4O1-xFx, the local vanadium structure changed as the vanadium oxidation state changed. In addition, the operating potential increased with increasing fluorine content. Thus, it was confirmed that fluorine doping leads to a strong inductive effect and high operating voltage, which helps improve the energy density of the cathode materials.

정확한 in vitro 전사가 일어날 수 있는 진딧물의 세포추출액을 제조하였다. 전사를 직접 조절할 수 있는 단백질 인자를 규명하기 위하여 전사개시점과 그의 상류에 결합하는 DNA 결합단백질을 탐색했다. 전사개시점을 포함하는 단편 A(-194/23)에는 52kDa, 50kDa, 40kDa의 단백질들이 결합했으며 전사개시점 상류의 DNA 단편 B(-393/-263)에는 52kDa, 50kDa, 40kDa의 단백질들이 결합한 반면 DNA 단편 C(-263/-195)는 53kDa단백질만이 결합했다. 그리고 이들 DNA 결합단백질들의 DNA 결합 활성에는 양이온이 요구되었다.

High level of sequence similarity and genetic conservation within plants of same family allow us to use the informations and cDNA microarray obtained from a model plant such as Arabidopsis for better understanding of non-model plants within the same family, for example, rapeseed. Several lines of rapeseed plants with different sensitivity to cold stress were selected and the gene expression profiles under cold stress were examined using 1.6K specialized cDNA microarray. For the comparative analysis between Arabidopsis, economic plants and rapeseed, we adopted a recently developed computational method called "Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)" which determines whether defined set of genes show statically significant and concordant differences between two biological states. Along this, five different gene sets including a network gene set based on a regulatory gene network model for early cold stress response and a co-expression gene set based on ∼ 1,500 expression data were built in this lab. With these gene sets and GSEA method, the expression data was analyzed to pinpoint the group of genes potentially responsible for the difference of stress sensitivity between two different plants. Since the plant encounters stress combinations concurrently or separated temporally and must present an integrated response to them, we built 'Cross-talk map' using ∼ 63 expression data of Arabidopsis under 9 different environmental stresses. Utilizing this cross-talk map, the significance of the identified group of genes was evaluated for their practical application to enhance stress tolerance. Currently, we identified several promising genes at a cross-talk point and are pursuing transgenic engineering to enhance the stress tolerance against more than two stress conditions.

Path planing method for an autonomous mobile robot is considered. For the practical applications, the simplified local potential field methods are applied under the constraints of the driving condition. To improve the performance, the fuzzy-approximated linear function method is also used.