The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of mycotoxins and the concentration of preservatives and antioxidants in commercial pet food. 106 pet foods were purchased from online in Korea. Mycotoxin analysis were performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and preservatives and antioxidants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contamination of the mycotoxins in all samples was proved to comply with the Korea legislation with regards to animal feed, the analyses revealed presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and fumonisins, with values below 1.6 ㎍/㎏, 12.1 ㎍/㎏, 478.5 ㎍/㎏ and 1873.5 ㎍/㎏, respectively. Furthermore, the simultaneous presences of different mycotoxins were observed in most of positive samples. The levels of dehydroacetic acid (DHA), sorbic acid (SA) and benzoic acid (BA) were, respectively, with values below 0.24 g/㎏, 4.82 g/㎏ and 6.35 g/㎏. The concentrations of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) were demonstrated to be acceptable, with values below 0.04 g/㎏, and 0.02 g/㎏. This indicated the need for further investigation into the potential risk deriving from chronic exposure to low doses of mycotoxins. Additionally, a co-contamination of mycotoxins which interact in synergic manner are more concern. As DHA that not accepted was detected and very high levels of SA were identified in samples, an upper limit for preservatives in pet foods should be established in pet foods. BHA and BHT were detected within the recommended levels for antioxidant content, so these are considered as safe.

The Pt-Ru/Carbon as an anode catalyst supported on the commercial activated carbon (AC) having high surface area and micropore was characterized for application of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The Pt-Ru/AC anode catalyst used in this experiment showed the performance of 600 mA/cm2 current density at 0.3 V. The borohydride reduction process using NaBH4, denoted as a process A, showed much higher current and power densities than process B prepared by changing the reduction and washing process of process A. The particle sizes are strongly affected by the reduction process than the specific surface area of raw active carbon and the sizes are almost constant when the specific surface area of carbon are over than the 1200 m2/g. Smaller particle size of catalyst and more narrow intercrystalite distance increased the performance of DMFC.