최근 국립공원을 중심으로 분포하는 아고산 지역 상록침 엽수에 대한 쇠퇴 및 고사현상이 확인되고 있다. 일부 지역에서는 탐방로에서도 고사목을 쉽게 관찰 할 수 있을 정도로 심각한 수준이며, 이러한 상황이 언론보도를 통해 알려지면서 국민적 관심을 받고 있다. 쇠퇴 및 고사현상이 두드러지게 나타나는 수종은 전나무속 식물인 구상나무와 분비 나무로 알려져 있으며, 특히 구상나무는 우리나라에서만 자생하는 고유종이라는 점에서 보전가치가 높다. 이러한 이유로 다양한 연구기관 및 학계에서 구상나무를 둘러싼 생육･ 고사 실태조사 및 고사원인 구명에 많은 힘을 쏟고 있는 상황이다. 최근 국립공원관리공단의 연구결과에 따르면, 기후변화에 따른 겨울철 기온상승과 봄철 가뭄이 구상나무 생육에 부정적 영향을 미쳐왔다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 또한, 대부분의 고사목의 수령이 100년 미만의 유사한 수령을 나타낸 것으로 보아 생태적 수명에 따른 자연사 가능성을 뒷받침하고 있다. 생태적 수명에 따른 고사 가능성은 그 동안 몇몇 연구를 통해서도 제시되었던 부분이기도 하다. 그러나 최근 지리산국립공원에서 구상나무의 고사 및 쇠퇴를 야기할 수 있는 새로운 원인이 확인되었다. 2018년 4월 세석평전 일대에서 설치류에 의한 구상나무 고사 및 피해 현상이 최초로 확인되었다. 세석대피소 앞에 식재된 구상나무에서 소형 동물의 이빨에 의해 수피가 갉아 먹힌 흔적이 확인되었으며, 주변에 설치류로 추정되는 배설물이 모여 있었다. 이러한 피해 사례는 국내 아고산대 상록침엽수 군락 내에서 최초 발견된 사례로 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 구상나무군락의 보전 및 관리를 위해 시급히 전후관계를 파악할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지리산국립공원 세석평전 일대 설치류에 의해 피해 입은 수목의 위치, 수고, 생육상태 등을 조사하였으며, 주변에서 확인된 배설물 유전자 분석을 통해 가해의심종을 확인하고자 하였다. 이외에 지리산국립공원뿐만 아니라 주요 아고산대 상록침엽수군락이 분포하는 설악산, 오대산, 태백산, 소백산, 덕유산국립 공원을 대상으로 유사 피해사례를 조사하였다. 설치류에 의한 구상나무 피해는 지리산국립공원 영신봉에서 촛대봉까지 분포하는 구상나무군락 내에서만 확인되었으며, 52개체가 피해를 입은 것으로 조사되었다. 주로 구 상나무가 높은 밀도로 군락을 형성하고 있는 곳에서 집중 확인되었으며, 성목의 경우 지면으로부터 높이 1.5m 이내, 직경 2cm 이하의 가지에서 주로 확인되었다. 성목의 경우 피해 입은 가지부는 고사하고 있었지만, 그렇지 않은 가지는 양호한 생육상태를 나타냈다. 또한 수고 1.5m 이내의 어린 구상나무에서도 다수 피해가 관찰되었으며, 피해 입은 어린 구상나무는 100% 고사한 것으로 나타났다. 일부 잣나무에서도 가해흔적을 찾을 수 있었지만 대다수가 구상나무를 가해한 것으로 확인되었다. 그밖에 타 지역에서는 피해를 확인할 수 없었다. 피해목 주변에서 확인된 배설물 유전자 분석 결과 대륙밭쥐(Myodes rufocanus)로 확인되었다. 가해현상이 봄철에만 집중관찰된 것으로 보아 먹이원이 부족한 특정시기 생존을 위해 구상나무 수피의 영양분을 섭취한 것으로 추정된다. 이에 대한 명확한 원인을 파악하기 위해 의심종인 대륙밭쥐에 대한 생태적 특성을 파악하고, 피해지역 장기 모니터링을 통해 시기적 반복성과 입지특성을 조사할 계획이다.

We measured the grain size and metallics elements (Li, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Fe and As) of surface sediments collected from 27 sampling sites in the Abalone aquaculture. The concentration range and average value of metallics elements were also below the sediment quality guidelines (TEL). As the pollution level was estimated by using enrichment factor (Ef) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), the enrichment factor (Ef) was about 1 for most of metallic elements were smaller than 1. However Arsenic (As) had highest value of 2.35. Index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) for the metallic elements (As, Pb and Mn) were ranged Igeo-class 0 (practically unpolluted) and most metallics elements (Li, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Fe) were ranged Igeo-class 0~2, indicating that the pollution levels of metallic elements should not be significant. It is necessary to keep monitoring pollution level in Abalone aquaculture to conserve the blue belt.

As the farmers who grow Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Miller) in rain-shelter greenhouses increase, it is necessary to develop a cultivar with early-flowering. In addition, the new varieties should be continuously selected in order to adapt to climate change and to respond to future demands. The new line, CB07423-104, was selected from the cross between Cheongmyeong (IT232706) and CB04341-286 in 2007 to breed a cultivar with early flowering and high yielding. Its preliminary yield tests were performed from 2009 to 2010 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 17. Its regional yield trial was carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo from 2011 to 2013 and Cheongyang 17 was registered as the new variety, ‘Cheonghong’ (Certificate on grant of plant variety rights: Grant number No.5642, Protection period 06/07/2015 ~ 05/07/2035) in 2013. The major characteristics were summarized as follows; The plant shape was spreading type. Leaf had ellipsoidal small sizes and 3~5 leaves on a node. The fruit was oblong and yellowish red. The flowering time was June 17 and faster about 11 days than the check ‘Cheongmyeong’. The branching was generated less than the check variety. This cultivar has a lot of flowers bloom per a node and many fruits per a plant. The resistances to anthracnose and eriophyidae mite were a little better than that of the check variety. The content of betaine of dried-fruit and brix degree of fresh fruit were higher than those of the check. The dried-fruit yield was 16 percent higher than the check at regional yield trials conducted at Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo. Applications are customarily available in both medicinal and edible. This variety has self-incompatibility. So, the companion variety, Cheongmyeong, was required as pollinizer and recommended to plant 1 : 1.

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a threelayered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

내병충, 다수성 계통인 CB02214-131 (IT232701)을 모본으로 하고, 청양 7호(IT232601)를 부본으로 인공교배를 실시하여 CB04340-64를 선발하고, 생산력검정 시험 결과 병충해에 강하며 다수성으로 인정되어 ‘청양 14호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 구기자 우량계통 ‘청양 14호’는 청양, 예산, 진도 등 3지역에서 2009∼2011년 3개년간 지역적응성을 검증한 결과 생육이 양호하고 병해충에 강하며 약용성분이 많을 뿐만 아니라 수량성이 우수하여 ‘청광’으로 2012년에 품종보호출원하였고, 국립종자원에 품종보호등록(품종보호 제 4794호, 2014.02.10∼2034.02.09) 되었다. 주요특성을 요약하면 잎은 둥근 피침형이고 다소 작으며, 열매는 장타원형이고 중간크기이었다. 개화기는 6월 26일로서 중생종이였다. ‘청광’은 대비품종에 비하여 2회의 적심에 의하여 분지 발생이 많았다. 혹응애와 탄저병 저항성은 중강으로 대비품종과 비슷하였다. 지표성분인 베타인 함량은 0.75%, 당도는 15.3°Brix로 대비품종에 비하여 다소 높았다. 건과수량은 대비품종에 비하여 생산력 검정시험에서 15%, 지역적응시험에서 6% 증수되었다. 이 품종은 자가불화합성이 있으므로 수분수 품종으로 ‘청명’과 같이 혼식하여 재배하여야 한다.

An LED plant factory farm is an alternative way to grow crops regardless of weather, season, and blight in such times of climate change. In recent years, it is a currently active and vibrant research field. The industry, which ranges from leaf vegetables to high value products, is expanding. This study was conducted to test tthe response of LED (Lightemitting diode) irradiation on the growth characteristics and ginsenoside levels indoors, in order to find out suitable light conditions. Ginseng seedling was transplanted from a styrofoam pot (L×W×D:495×315×215 mm, inside diameter) into a closed plant production system in four blue LED (BL) and red LED (RL) different ratios of 1:1, 1;2, 1:3, 1:4 in a temperature range of 20~25℃, relative humidity of between 55 and 65%, and a 12-hour photoperiod. The LED irradiation shows the highest levels were found at 1:1 of BL and RL ratio at 61.21 μmol s-lm-2, 1:2 ratio 68.55 μmol s-lm-2, 1:3 ratio 63.85 μmol s-lm-2 and 1:4 ratio 62.41 μmol s-lm-2 from highest to lowest respectively. After analyzing from shoot and root 2 yers old ginseng plant which were cultivated under 1:3 irradiation of BL and RL ratio, it generally showed a positive effect under a 1:3 ratio of BL and RL.

This study investigated ginseng growth and ginsenoside contents after control a reserved ginseng cultivation land using various green manure crops for stable ginseng cultivation. Followings are results obtained from this research. After cultivate the green manure crops, microbial flora in soil was diversified, organic matter and total-N content increased, but salt content decreased. The highest output obtained from the wheat cultivated area among various green manure corps. Growth of shoot and root of two years old ginseng increased significantly at the green manure crop cultivated area. Specially, the wheat cultivated area was the most effective in growth. Also, the rate of the leaf discoloration at the aerial part and the rusty root at the root was the least at the wheat cultivation area. Meanwhile, the ginsenoside content was the most at the wheat cultivation area. Thus, the reserved ginseng cultivation land could be managed by cultivating wheat for effective ginseng growth.