The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gender on meat quality traits and sensory characteristics of pork loin. A total of 90 pork carcasses (180 days old, 45 barrows and 45 gilts, each gender group was consisted of fifteen 1+, 1 and 2 carcass grades) were selected and loin cuts were excised to investigate meat quality, electronic tongue measures and sensory panel test. There were significant differences in drip loss (1.66% vs 1.21%), released water (12.19% vs 10.68%) and cooking loss (23.67% vs 21.04%) between loins from barrow and gilt (p<0.05). However, no significant differences in meat color (CIE L* a* b*) and shear force were observed between gender groups (p>0.05). Umami and richness values of barrow were significantly higher than those of gilt, while barrow had significantly lower sourness value compared to gilt (p<0.05). On the sensory evaluation, barrow scored higher in flavor, juiciness and tenderness both, and as a result, barrow (5.51 points) also scored significantly higher than gilt (4.86 points). These results suggest that the umami intensity and sensory taste of barrow loin are superior to gilt loin due to its high water-holding capacity.

1. Ethephon을 처리하여 호밀의 간장을 단축시켜 도복을 방지하는 방법을 찾기 위하여 시험한 결과는가. Ethephon 처리시 출수기는 수잉기에 처리했을 경우 무처리에 비해 250ppm 농도에서는 2일, 1,000ppm 농도에서는 5일이 늦어졌으나 개화기와 성숙기는 차이가 없었다.나. 간장은 Ethepon 처리농도가 높을수록 작아졌고, 간장 단축률은 출수시의 1,500ppm 처리가 40.1%의 단축률로 처리효과가 가장 컸으며, 하위절보다 상위절 단축효과가 컸다.다. 수장, 영화수, 리터중 등에서 무처리와 큰 차이가 없었고, 천립중은 무처리에 비해 약간 무거웠다. 라. 발아율은 차이가 없었으며, 수량은 처리 농도에 관계 없이 모두 증수하는 경향을 보였으며, 최고 8%까지 증수하였다.마. Ethephon 처리시 출수시에 1,000ppm으로 처리하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 2. 발아에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 수확시기를 앞당길 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 실시한 건조제 처리 후 수확시기 단축효과와 종자의 품질을 보면가. 건조제 처리후 수확적기 수분함량에 도달하는 일수는 출수 후 30일 처리가 20일, 출수 후 35일 처리가 15일, 출수후 40일과 45일 처리는 10일이 걸렸고, 출수 후 50일 처리는5일이 걸렸다. 나. 건조제 처리 후 수확시기는 출수 후 30일 처리가 관행재배에 비해 14일, 출수 후 35일과 40일 처리가 9일 빨랐으며, 출수 후 45일과 50일 처리가 4일이 빨랐다.다. 건조제 처리시 천립중은 출수 후 처리 일수가 늦어질수록 무거웠고, 발아율 또한 출수 후 처리 일수가 늦어질수록높아지는 경향을 보였으나, 출수 후 40일 이후에는 통계적인유의성은 없었다. 라. 수량은 출수 후 30일 처리가 관행재배의 30%, 출수후 35일 처리는 48%수준, 출수 후 40일 처리는 74% 수준으로 생리적 성숙기 이전에 건조제를 처리하면 품질에 큰 영향을 주었다.마. 종자의 품질은 약간 떨어지지만 종자로서의 능력을 갖추고 발아에 영향이 없으면서 수확 시기가 가장 빠른 건조제처리시기는 출수 후 40일이었다.

Water and sediment qualities were investigated in the Oncheon Stream and at the Wondong bridge of the Suyoung River, during the summer rainy season, 2019. Dissolved oxygen (DO) showed the lowest levels at 4.7 and 5.0 m/L, and biogeochemical oxygen demand (BOD) showed the highest at 5.3 mg/L downstream where the tributary flows into the main river. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 2.0 to 5.9 mg/L on average as it flowed downstream, The COD/BOD ratio decreased gradually as it flowed downstream, reaching 1.0. However, COD/BOD ratio at the Wondong bridge was 5.8-22.2, indicating that easily biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter flows into the Oncheon Stream and Suyoung River, respectively. Total nitrogen (T-N) / total phosphorus (T-P) ratio tended to decrease from 72 to 21 as it flowed downstream, measuring 71 to 86 at the Wondong bridge. The water quality index (WQI) generally improved better than grade IV after heavy rainfalls. However, DO and T-P were the parameters that deteriorated the WQI. Ignition loss (IL), COD, T-N, and T-P of sediments had distribution of 1.44 ± 1.01%, 0.35 ± 0.16%, 43 ± 63 mg/kg, and 10.9 ± 21.9 mg/kg, respectively. These were several times lower than the annual averages of IL, T-N, and T-P in 2017 before the dredging project was conducted in the first half of 2018.

Ethephon을 처리하여 트리티케일의 간장을 단축시켜 도복을 방지하는 방법을 찾기 위하여 시험한 결과 Ethephon 처리시 출수기는 수잉기에 처리했을 때는 무처리에 비해 250 ppm과 500 ppm 농도에서는 2일, 1,000 ppm 이상에서는 4일이 늦어졌으나, 개화기와 성숙기는 차이가 없었다. 간장은 Ethephon 농도가 높을수록 작아졌고, 간장 단축률은 수잉기의 1,500 ppm 처리가 37%의 단축률로 처리 효과가 가장 컸으며, 하위절보다 상위절의 단축률이 컸다. 수장, 영화수, 리터중 등에서 무처리와 큰 차이가 없었고, 천립중은 무처리에 비해 약간 무거웠다. 발아율은 차이가 없었으며, 수량은 처리 농도에 관계 없이 모두 증수하는 경향을 보였으며, 수잉기 1,000 ppm 처리에서 최고 5%까지 증수하였다. 발아에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 수확시기를 앞당길 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 실시한 건조제 처리 후 수확시기 단축효과와 종자의 품질을 보면, 건조제 처리후 수확적기 수분함량에 도달하는 일수는 출수 후 30일 처리가 15일, 출수 후 35일 처리가 10일이 걸렸고, 출수 후 40일과 45일 처리가 5일이 걸다. 건조제 처리 후 수확시기는 출수 후 30일과 35일 처리가 관행재배에 비해 8일, 출수 후 40일 처리가 5일이 빨랐다. 건조제 처리시 천립중은 출수 후 처리 일수가 늦어질수록 무거웠고, 발아율 또한 출수 후 처리 일수가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향을 보였으나, 출수 후 35일 이후에는 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 수량은 출수 후 30일 처리구가 관행재배의 37% 수준, 출수 후 35일 처리가 70%수준이었고 출수 후 40일 처리가 92% 수준으로 생리적 성숙기 이전에 건조제를 처리하면 품질에 큰 영향을 준다.

Graphene oxide (GO)-titania composites have emerged as an attractive heterogeneous photocatalyst that can enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles owing to their potential interaction of electronic and adsorption natures. Accordingly, TiO2-GO mixtures were synthesized in this study using a simple chemical mixing process, and their heterogeneous photocatalytic activities were investigated to determine the degradation of airborne organic pollutants (benzene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene (BEX)) under different operational conditions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated the presence of GO for the TiO2-GO composites. The average efficiencies of the TiO2-GO mixtures for the decomposition of each component of BEX determined during the 3-h photocatalytic processes were 26%, 92%, and 96%, respectively, whereas the average efficiencies of the unmodified TiO2 powder were 3%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of the unmodified TiO2 powder for all target compounds decreased during the 3-h photocatalytic processes, suggesting a potential deactivation even during such a short time period. Two operational conditions (air flow entering into the air-cleaning devices and the indoor pollution levels) were found to be important factors for the photocatalytic decomposition of BEX molecules. Taken together, these results show that a TiO2-GO mixture can be applied effectively for the purification of airborne organic pollutants when the operating conditions are optimized.

조생종 벼 품종인 오대, 운광과 HR28021-AC16 계통에 대한 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자분석과 K1과 K3a 균계를 접종한 후에 수량 및 품질 관련 형질들의 변이에 대하여 분석하였다. 오대는 저항성 유전자를 보유하지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 운광은 Xa3 유전자를, HR28021-AC16은 Xa21 유전자를가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 오대는 K1과 K3a 균계 모두에 이병성을 보였고, 운광은 K1에는 저항성을 K3a에는 이병성을보였다. HR28021-AC16은 K1 균계에는 이병성을 나타냈고K3a 균계에는 저항성 반응을 보였다. 균계접종에 의한 이병성 정도와 2차 감염 정도로 볼 때, K3a 균계가 K1 균계에 비해 병원성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. K1과 K3a 균계 접종에따른 생산력검정시험에서 균계 처리와 반응에 의해 변이가발생한 형질들 중에 등숙률, 정현비율, 현미수량과 완전미도정수율은 서로 간에 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 이들 형질들과 현미 및 백미 단백질 함량은 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다.사미는 등숙률 및 완전미도정수율과 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 주성분분석에서 주성분 1을 기준으로 등숙률, 정현비율,현미수량 및 완전미도정수율과 사미, 현미 및 백미 단백질 함량이 다른 방향성을 나타냈고, 주성분 2를 기준으로는 등숙률과 사미가 다른 방향성을 나타냈다. Xa21 유전자를 가지고있는 HR28021-AC16은 K3a에는 저항성 반응을 보였으나K1 균계 접종구에서는 등숙률, 정현비율, 현미수량 및 완전미도정수율은 감소하였고 사미는 증가하는 등 이병성 반응을나타냈다. Xa21 유전자는 최근 큰 피해를 주는 K3a 균계에대해 강한 저항성을 보이나, 우리나라 우점 균계인 K1에 이병성을 보이기 때문에 K1 균계에 저항성인 다른 유전자와의집적을 통한 활용이 안정적인 저항성 증진에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

To date, carbon and nitrogen co-doped photocatalysts (CN-TiO2) for environmental application focused mainly on the aqueous phase to investigate the decomposition of water pollutants. Accordingly, the present study explored the photocatalytic performance of CN-TiO2 photocatalysts for the purification of indoor-level gas-phase aromatic species under different operational conditions. The characteristics of prepared photocatalysts were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning emission microscope, diffuse reflectance UV-VIS-NIR analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In most cases, the decomposition efficiency for the target compounds exhibited a decreasing trend as input concentration (IC) increased. Specifically, the average decomposition efficiencies for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) over a 3-h process decreased from 29% to close to zero, 80 to 5%, 95 to 19%, and 99 to 32%, respectively, as the IC increased from 0.1 to 2.0 ppm. The decomposition efficiencies obtained from the CN-TiO2 photocatalytic system were higher than those of the TiO2 system. As relative humidity (RH) increased from 20 to 95%, the decomposition efficiencies for BTEX decreased from 39 to 5%, 97 to 59%, 100 to 87%, and 100 to 92%, respectively. In addition, as the stream flow rates (SFRs) decreased from 3.0 to 1.0 L min-1, the average efficiencies for BTEX increased from 0 to 58%, 63 to 100%, 69 to 100%, and 68 to 100%, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that three (IC, RH, and SFR) should be considered for better BTEX decomposition efficiencies when applying CN-TiO2 photocatalytic technology to purification of indoor air BTEX.

Unlike water applications, the photocatalytic technique utilizing light-emitting-diodes as an alternative light source to conventional lamp has rarely been applied for low-level indoor air purification. Accordingly, this study investigated the applicability of UV-LED to annular-type photocatalytic reactor for removal of indoor-level benzene and toluene at a low concentration range associated with indoor air quality issues. The characteristics of photocatalyst was determined using an X-ray diffraction meter and a scanning electron microscope. The photocatalyst baked at 350 ℃ exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies(PDEs) for both benzene and toluene, and the photocatalysts baked at three higher temperatures(450, 550, and 650 ℃) did similar PDEs for these compounds. The average PDEs over a 3-h period were 81% for benzene and close to 100% for toluene regarding the photocatalyst baked at 350 ℃, whereas they were 61 and 74% for benzene and toluene, respectively, regarding the photocatalyst baked at 650 ℃. As the light intensity increased from 2.4 to 3.5 MW cm-1, the average PDE increased from 36 to 81% and from 44% to close to 100% for benzene and toluene, respectively. In addition, as the flow rate increased from 0.1 to 0.5 L min-1, the average PDE decreased from 81% to close to zero and from close to 100% to 7% for benzene and toluene, respectively. It was found that the annular-type photocatalytic reactor inner-inserted with UV-LEDs can effectively be applied for the decomposition of low-level benzene and toluene under the operational conditions used in this study.

Currently, more than 33 resistance gene against bacterial blight(BB) have been identified and used to develop resistant cultivar. IRRI developed near isogenic lines carrying monogenic resistance gene and pyramided genes, IRBB lines. This study was conducted to identify the response of resistance gene to Korean bacterial blight races(K1, K2, K3, and K3a) in IRBB lines. Xa1(IRBB1) was resistant to K1 race and Xa2(IRBB2) was resistant to K1 and K2 race. Xa3(IRBB3 and IRBB203) exploited in many breeding programs in Korea were resistant to K1, K2, and K3 race but susceptible to K3a. Xa4(IRBB4 and IRBB204), xa5(IRBB5 and IRBB205), Xa7(IRBB7 and IRBB207) were resistant to four races. xa8(IRRR8) and Xa11(IRBB11 and IRBB211) showed same reaction of Xa2, resistant to K1 and K2. Xa10(IRBB10 and IRBB210), xa13(IRBB13), Xa14(IRBB14 and IRBB214) showed same reaction of Xa1, resistant to K1. Xa21, identified from the wild rice, Oryza longistaminata, is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of Xoo races. In this study, Xa21 was resistant to K2, K3, and K3a but susceptible to K1 widely spreading in Korea. So, Xa21 may be vulnerable to Korean bacterial blight. But pyramided lines with Xa21 showed high level of resistance to all races of Korea. Pyramided lines with Xa4 which conferred durable resistance in many commercial rice cultivar, xa5 which provides recessive resistance, and other resistance genes showed high level of resistance to Korean bacterial blight races.

Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wanggeumnodeul”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.