These studies were conducted to evaluate developmental competence of follicular oocyte collected from the ovaries of Hanwoo cows with the high offspring meat quality (1++ and 1+ grade). Cumulus oocyte complexes from individual cows were matured, fertilized and cultured using protocols of in-vitro maturation (IVM), in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and in-vitro culture (IVC). The rates of blastocyst development from Hanwoo cows with the offspring meat quality grades of 1++ and 1+ were 18.6 and 21.2%, respectively. The rates of blastocyst development were 26.3, 20.7, 20.7, 17.2 and 31.2% from Hanwoo cows with the meat quality grades of 1++, 1+, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Fiftyseven transferable embryos were recovered from 11 Hanwoo donor cows (5.2/head) with the high offspring meat quality grades of 1++ and 1+ in vivo, and the pregnancy rate after embryo transfer was 61.1%. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vitro embryo production from the ovaries of cows with the high meat quality grades using individual culture system can be used an efficient method for livestock improvement. In addition, for the successful industrialization of embryo transfer, conception rate should be improved.

The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze relevant research and examine research trends through metaanalysis of 154 theses related to native local foods published in a representative food and nutrition journal. As subject regions, Gyeongsang-do was the most common (70), and especially, Andong had 19 theses. Regarding the research topic, until the early 2000s, most research focused on ‘native local foods itself’. After 2005, there was a remarkable increase in research on people’s ‘perception/use’ of native local foods as well as on ‘development/application’ based on native local foods since 2010. Among theses on native local foods, there was a lot of research on ‘quality characteristics’ mainly using the quantitative research method, and most research was on desserts. Among theses on perception/use, there were lots of theses on ‘awareness, satisfaction, and preference’ focusing on questionnaires targeting local residents. Among theses on development/application, the noticeable research trend of ‘tourism commercialization of native local foods’ was the active development of food and menus using storytelling.

The aim of the present study was to identify coat color associated genes that are differentially expressed in mature Korean brindle cattle (KBC) with different coat colors and in Hanwoo cows. KBC calves, before and after coat color appearance, were included. Total cellular RNA was isolated from the tail hair cells and used for microarray. The number of expressed coat color associated genes/probes was 5813 in mature KBC and Hanwoo cows. Among the expressed coat color associated genes/probes, 167 genes were the coat color associated genes listed in the Gene card database and 125 genes were the pigment and melanocyte genes listed in the Gene ontology_bovine database. There were 23 genes/probes commonly listed in both databases and their expressions were further studied. Out of the 23 genes/probes, MLPH, PMEL, TYR and TYRP1 genes were expressed at least two fold higher (p<0.01) levels in KBC with brindle color than either Hanwoo or KBC with brown color. TYRP1 expression was 22.96 or 19.89 fold higher (p<0.01) in KBC with brindle color than either Hanwoo or KBC with brown color, respectively, which was the biggest fold difference. The hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that MLPH, PMEL, TYR and TYRP1 were the highly expressed genes in mature cattle. There were only a few genes differentially expressed after coat color appearance in KBC calves. Studies on the regulation and mechanism of gene expression of highly expressed genes would be next steps to better understand coat color determination and to improve brindle coat color appearance in KBC.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the coat color appearance of Korean brindle cattle and the changes of relevant hormone levels that may affect the hair pigmentation during different stages of growth and maturation. In mature cattle, levels of both ACTH and DHEA in Korean brindle cattle with brown color were significantly higher than those with black color (p<0.05). Levels of α-MSH in Korean brindle cattle with whole brindle (≧50%) color were significantly higher than those with brown color (p<0.05). In calves of Korean brindle cattle at 2 to 6 months, the concentration of estradiol was significantly higher in calves with whole brindle color than those with part brindle color (p<0.05), when the coat color was confirmed. After 6 month of coat color confirmation, levels of testosterone and ACTH increased in calves with part brindle color and were significantly higher than those with whole brindle color (p<0.05). In calves of Korean brindle cattle at 1 or 2 months, there were no significant differences in hormone levels of estradiol, ACTH, DHEA and α-MSH between the calves with brindle color and brown color, except estradiol before brindle color appearance. Changes of relevant hormone levels at different stage of growth and maturation may affect the pigmentation of coat during the development of cattle. In addition to the current study correlating the different coat colors with relevant hormone levels, investigation of the coat color associated genes expressed in Korean brindle cattle may further clarify the mechanisms of coat color changes during their development.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the MC1R genotypes of the Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) sires on the coat colors of their offspring. In this study, 15 Chikso sires with known MC1R genotypes were used for breeding in the Gangwon Province Livestock Research Center, the Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, and the Livestock Experiment Station, Jeonbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research from either 2011 or 2012 to 2013. There were 6 sires with E+E+ genotypes and 9 sires with E+e genotypes, and their coat colors were all whole brindle (more than 50 of the body). Among the 90 calves produced in 2011∼2013 or 2012∼2013 from the 15 sires, 50 (55.6%) of them were females and 40 (44.4%) of them were males. Coat colors of the offspring were determined when they reached over 6 months of age. Calves with whole brindle, part brindle, brown and black coat colors were 42 (48.3%), 11 (12.6%), 18 (20.7%) and 16 (18.4%), respectively. Ratio of calves with whole brindle coat color was higher than any other coat colors. Among the offspring with whole brindle color, 20 (41.7%) calves were female and 22 (51.3%) calves were male. By determining the MC1R genotypes of the dams and calves in this study along the family lines, and investigating other genes that may be involved in the coat colors of the Chikso, better breeding system may be established to increase the brindle coat color appearance in the future.

국내산 복숭아에의 저장성 증진을 위하여 46℃의 열풍건 조기에서 3~9시간 동안 처리한 후 저장 기간 중 부패율, 이화 학적 변화 및 기호도의 변화를 측정하였다. 대조군의 경우, 부패율은 저장 4일 이후부터는 부패된 복숭아를 보이기 시작 하였으며, 저장 6일에는 50%의 부패율을 나타내었다. 그러나 46℃ 열풍처리군은 4일차에는 6시간 처리군만 12.5%로 가장 높게 나타났지만, 저장 6일차에는 열풍 처리시간별로 각각 16.7, 25.0, 25.0%로 대조군과 비교할 때 모든 열풍처리군의 부패율이 현저히 낮게 나타났다. 중량 변화의 경우, 저장 6일 동안 대조군의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. pH 변화에 서는 열풍 처리에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장기간 중 pH는 약간 증가하였다. 경도의 변화에서는 열풍 처리한 복숭아가 대조군에 비하여 높은 경도를 보였고, 저장 중에는 모든 실험군에서 급격히 감소하는 경향이었다. 그러나 저장 6일의 결과를 보면 대조군보다는 열풍처리군들이 다소 높은 경도 를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 명도 변화에서는 열풍 처리 및 저장 중 모든 실험군에서 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으며, 적색 도는 처리 직후 및 저장 중 처리군별 차이를 보였지만 열풍 처리에 의한 것은 아닌 것으로 판단되었다. 황색도는 저장 6 일차에는 대조군의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 맛, 향, 색 및 종합적 기호도의 변화에서는 열풍 처리 직후에는 대조 군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 저장 중 모든 실험군에 서 2일 혹은 4일차에 가장 높은 기호도를 보였으며, 저장 6일 에는 기호도값이 급격히 감소하였으며, 대조군의 변화가 가 장 심한 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 대조군보다는 열풍처 리군이 기호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

국내산 복숭아의 저장성 증진을 위하여 저선량(0~3.0 kJ/㎡)의 UV-C를 조사하고, 저장 중 주요 성분의 변화를 측정하였다. Polyphenol 화합물 함량은 UV 처리시 대조군에 비하여 약간 높은 함량을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 0.25 kJ/㎡ 처리군은 가장 많은 함량을 나타내었다. 저장 과정 중의 polyphenol 화합물의 함량은 대조군 및 UV 처리군 모두 서서히 감소하는 경향이었다. Flavonoid 함량은 대조군 및 UV 처리군 모두 저장하는 동안 특정한 경향을 나타내지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 복숭아 내 유리당은 UV 처리군 및 대조군 모두 fructose, glucose, maltose 및 sucrose가 검출되었고, 이중 sucrose의 함량이 가장 많았으며, 저장 중 당 함량은 증가하였으며, UV 처리군 및 대조군 모두 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 유리아미노산은 대조군은 115.38 ㎎%였으며, UV-C 처리군의 경우, 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 95.92~ 120.94 ㎎%로 함량의 차이가 약간 있긴 하지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않아, 저선량의 UV-C 처리는 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

국내산 복숭아의 저장성 증진을 위하여 저선량(0～3.0 kJ/㎡)의 UV-C를 조사하고, 저장기간 동안 부패율, 이화학적 변화 및 기호도의 변화를 측정하였다. 부패율의 경우, 대조군은 4일 이후부터는 부패된 복숭아를 보이기 시작하였으며, 저장 8일에는 50.00%의 부패율을 나타내었다. 저선량의 UV-C 처리군은 대조군보다 낮은 부패율을 보였으며, 특히 1.0 및 2.0 kJ/㎡의 UV-C 처리군이 가장 낮은 부패율을 나타내었다. 무게 변화의 경우, 대체적으로 대조군 및 UV-C 처리군 모두 저장기간 동안 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. pH 변화에서는 UV-C 처리에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장기간 중 pH가 증가하였으나 모든 실험군에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경도의 경우, UV-C 처리 직후에는 모든 실험군에서 차이가 없었으나, 저장 중 대조군의 변화가 가장 많았으며, UV-C 처리군의 경도 변화는 적은 것으로 나타났다. 색도 변화(명도, 적색도 및 황색도)에서는 UV-C 처리 및 저장 중 모든 실험군에서 큰 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 맛, 향, 색에 대한 기호도의 변화에서는 UV-C 처리에 의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 저장 중 기호도는 감소하였으나 모든 실험군에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조직감 및 종합적 기호도에서는 UV-C 처리에 의한 변화를 보이지 않았으나 저장 중 대조군의 기호도값이 가장 많이 감소하였고, UV-C 처리군의 변화는 적은 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 대조군보다는 저선량의 UV-C 처리군이 기호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

This study examined the motility of either the unattached(upper) or attached(lower) Hanwoo sperm to bovine oviduct epithelial cell(BOEC) monolayers to determine whether there are any changes in their motility during co-culture. The cleavage and blastocyst development rate were compared among different preincubation methods in-vitro, after oocytes were fertilized in-vitro with Hanwoo sperm on BOEC monolayers. The motility of frozen-thawed sperm in BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than controls, especially at 5 hours and 6 hours (p<0.05) of incubation, in sperm treatment medium without heparin and caffeine. The motility of frozen-thawed sperm in BOEC co-culture group was significantly higher than controls, especially at 3 hours (p<0.05) and 6 hours (p<0.01), in sperm treatment medium containing heparin and caffeine. The motility of the attached( lower) sperm was significantly higher than the unattached(upper) sperm during co-culture with BOEC at all times(p<0.01 or p<0.05), except for 6 hours. After Hanwoo oocytes were fertilized in-vitro with the sperm that had been co-cultured with BOEC in sperm treatment medium containing heparin and caffeine, we determined the cleavage and blastocyst development rate, according to the preincubation methods. Both the cleavage and blastocyst development rate from 2 hour preincubation group were the highest, but significant difference was not recognized. These results show that BOEC plays an important role on sperm hyperactivation related to capacitation regardless of heparin and caffeine in sperm treatment medium. However, oviduct epithelial cell had no significant effect on the development of embryos after in-vitro fertilization in the presence of added heparin and caffeine in sperm treatment medium.