Under anoxic conditions, this study investigated removal of dissolved As(III) by Si and Al oxides including natural sand, chemically washed sand (silica), alumina, and activated alumina. Despite the similar surface area, natural sand showed greater extents of As(III) sorption than chemically washed sand. This was likely due to the high reactivity of Fe(oxyhydr)oxide impurities on the surface of natural sand. For both sands, As(III) sorption was the greatest at pH 7.1, in agreement with the weakly dissociating tendency of arsenous acid. Also, the least sorption was observed at pH 9.6. At basic pH, elevated silicate, which originated from the dissolution of silica in sands, would compete with As(III) for sorption. Due to the highest surface area, activated alumina was found to quantitatively immobilize the initially added As(III) (6.0×10−7 -2.0×10−5 M). Alumina showed As(III) sorption compared to or greater than chemically washed sand, although the former had less than 6% of the surface of area the latter. The greater reactivity of alumina than chemically washed sand can be explained by using the shared charge of oxygen.

부추속 식물은 수선화과의 다년생 초본으로 약 1000여종에 이른다. 한국에서는 24종의 자생종이 분포하며 유전자원으로서 큰 가치를 지닌 분류군이다. 그러나 자생부추속 식물에 대한 연구는 일부 종에 대하여 한정적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 갯부추, 두메부추, 울릉산마늘과 같이 최근 분류되거나 잘 알려지지 않은 종에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 자생부추속 4종(강부추, 한라부추, 갯부추, 산부추)에 대한 온도 및 명암처리에 대한 발아특성을 조사하였다. 발아 특성은 발아율, T50, 평균발아일수, 발아균일도, 발아속도로 평 가하였다. 강부추와 갯부추는 5℃에서 50%이상의 발아율을 보였으나 한라부추와 산부추는 전혀 발아하지 않았다. 갯부추 는 남부지방 해변가, 강부추는 강이나 하천주변에 서식하며 한라부추와 산부추는 주로 산지에 서식하는 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 이러한 차이는 종별 생육지의 환경조건에 따른 차 이로 추정된다. 5℃에서 강부추의 발아율은 명조건(70.0%)보다 암조건(93.3%)에서 향상되었으며, T50과 평균발아일수도 단축되었다. 한라부추는 15℃에서 암조건이 명조건보다 발아율이 증가하고 15℃와 20℃에서는 T50과 평균발아일수가 단축 되었다. 그에 따라 발아속도도 증가하였으며 발아균일도도 상 승하였다. 갯부추는 5℃에서 발아율은 명조건(70.0%)보다 암 조건(83.3%)에서 상승했고, 15℃에서 T50과 평균발아일수가 단축되었으며 발아속도가 증가하였다. 산부추는 15℃와 20℃ 에서 T50과 평균발아일수가 단축되었으며 발아속도가 증가하 였다. 따라서 상대적으로 낮은 온도 처리구에서 명조건보다 암조건이 일부 발아특성을 향상시켰다. 실험에 사용된 4종의 종자는 대부분 15~25℃에서 90%가 넘는 발아율을 보였으나, 다른 발아특성은 온도와 광에 따른 차이를 보였다. 강부추와 산부추의 T50, 평균발아일수, 발아속도는 20℃와 25℃에서 가 장 향상되었고, 한라부추와 갯부추는 25℃에서 T50과 평균발 아일수가 가장 단축되었으며, 발아속도도 가장 빨랐다. 결론적으로 발아특성을 종합적으로 고려했을 때, 강부추는 광과 관계없이 20~25℃, 한라부추는 광과 관계없이 25℃, 갯부추는 암조건 25℃, 산부추는 명조건 25℃와 암조건 20~25℃를 발아 에 적합한 조건으로 제시하였다.

We aimed to predict the Italian ryegrass (IRG) productivity change of introduced and domestic varieties based on climate factors and identify suitable areas for IRG cultivation using the RCP 8.5 scenario. The minimum mean air temperature in January showed the highest correlation with productivity. The ratio of possible and low productivity areas was high in Gangwondo, and the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the central and southern regions in the past 30 years. The change in the IRG cultivation area was found to be 26.9% in the best suitable area between 1981–2010 but increased significantly to 88.9% between 2090s. In the IRG suitability comparison classes between domestic and introduced cultivars, the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the domestic varieties during the past 30 years. However, there is almost no difference between the IRG domestic and introduced varieties in the IRG suitability classes after the 2050s. These results can predict changes in the IRG suitability classes between domestic and introduced cultivars according to the climate change scenario, but there are limitations in accurately predicting the productivity of IRG because the results may vary depending on other environmental factors.

거미는 산림 및 농작물 해충의 천적으로 알려져 있으며, 겨울철 벼 재배지에서 볏짚이나 논둑 등에 월동한다. 이 연구는 월동시기부터 모내기 전까지 유기 벼 재배지에 서식하는 거미상을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 거미의 발생을 조사하기 위해 함정트랩을 이용하였고, 농업과학원 유기재배포장에서 2018년 1월 중순부터 5월 중순까지 2주 간격으로 총 8회에 걸쳐 거미를 채집하였다. 조사가 이루어진 논은 거미가 월동 서식처로 이용할 수 있도록 볏짚을 걷어내지 않은 상태로 유지하였다. 조사 결과 6과 15종 359개체의 거미가 채집되었다. 그 중에서 애접시거미가 119개체(33%)로 가장 많았고, 들늑대거미(23%), 턱거미(17%), 각시긴손접시거미(8%) 순으로 나타났다. 또한 4월 중순(7회)에 가장 많은 개체가 채집되었고, 채집이 이루어질수록 거미의 개체수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

Gonggeom-ji is designated wetland protected area by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 2011 because of it’s high biodiversity and historic value. It contains a reservoir, paddy and forest site which has diverse niches for insects. Three transect lines of 50m were designated. Data were collected in May, October, November in 2017 represented as seasons for spring, summer and autumn respectively. Quantitative methods were conducted along each transect line by sweeping and pitfall trap. Based on this study total of 1079 individuals of insect fauna were collected, representing 170 species in 60 families and 8 orders. The highest diversity, richness and evenness index were observed in the forest site in May(4.77, 8.6 and 0.91 respectively) and the highest dominance index was observed in the forest site in November(0.64). The highest similarity index was observed in the reservoir site in May and August(0.519).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of swiss ball program training on lower extremity function of old elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The subjects were 30 mild cognitive impairment eldrly people aged between 65 and 80, who were divided into the swiss ball program training group(n=15) and the control group(n=15). The swiss ball program training group engaged in a 50-minute exercise session using. Lower extremity function scale of the two groups were measured before and after the intervention. The results are as follows. According to the swiss ball program training conducted to examine the effects of the training on lower extremity function, Moreover, the two groups showed significant differences in lower extremity function. These results indicate that virtual reality training is effective in improving lower extremity function. To conclusion, swiss ball program was found to have a positive effect on elderly lower extremity function. Swiss ball program training can be proposed as a form of fall prevention exercise for the mild cognitive impairment. Swiss ball program may be helpful to reduce the incidence of dementia and behavioral complications.

고준위방사성폐기물 처분장의 완충재로 고려되고 있는 자연산 벤토나이트에 대해서 기존의 물리·화학적 및 광물학적 성질 외에 생물학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 국내산 ‘경주벤토나이트’를 대상으로 만든 현탁액을 영양배 지 세럼병에서 일주일 이상 숙성시키며 시간에 따른 벤토나이트의 변화를 관찰하였다. 영양배지에서 활성화 된 벤토나이트는 고체 시료뿐만 아니라 용액도 함께 변하였다. 용존황산염 수용액으로부터 검은색의 미립자 황화물이 생성되기 시작하였으며, 시료를 채취하여 배양한 결과 4 종류의 황산염환원박테리아(SRB)가 자체 생존하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 벤토나이트 분말시료 내에 황산염환원(혹은 금속환원)박테리아 가 고착 및 서식하고 있음을 말해주는 것으로, 이는 지하의 환원환경 조건하에서 완충재 내외부에 장기적으로 생지화학적 영향이 발현될 가능성이 있음을 의미한다.

The damage of citrus fruit by yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, was first confirmed in 2008, and has since been one of the serious pests of citrus in Jeju. This was reported on damage symptom on tangor cultivar, Setoka (Tangor Norin No. 8) fruits cultivated in a greenhouse and the characteristic of spatial disttribution of S. dorsalis caught on yellow sticky traps was conducted in three commercial citrus orchards. The feeding habits by S. dorsalis cause rind blemishes on the navel part of fruit. The damage is characterized by being scarped and figure like covered cloud on satsum mandarine fruit, but on by a brown ring of rough russeting that occurs on navel part of Setoka fruit. The season of damage occurrence was from middle of June to late of July. There was a highly significant relationship between the average number of thrips per trap and the maximum number caught on a trap. The overall differences between the linear regression models obtained from mean-variance relationship for each surveyed fields were tested by type Ⅲ error and contrast method. The characteristic of spatial distribution of S. dorsalis was better described by Taylor's power law than Iwao's patchiness regression, and the dispersion index which is the slope (=1.72) of linear regression model showed the aggregated distribution pattern. The sequential sampling stop lines at fixed precision level of 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 were calculated.