In this study, the biogeochemistry management (BGC-MAN) model was applied to North and South Korea pine and oak forest stands to evaluate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP), an indicator of forest ecosystem productivity. For meteorological information, historical records and East Asian climate scenario data of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) were used. For vegetation information, pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus spp.) forest stands were selected at the Gwangneung and Seolmacheon in South Korea and Sariwon, Sohung, Haeju, Jongju, and Wonsan, which are known to have tree nurseries in North Korea. Among the biophysical information, we used the elevation model for topographic data such as longitude, altitude, and slope direction, and the global soil database for soil data. For management factors, we considered the destruction of forests in North and South Korea due to the Korean War in 1950 and the subsequent reforestation process. The overall mean value of simulated NPP from 1991 to 2100 was 5.17 Mg C ha-1, with a range of 3.30-8.19 Mg C ha-1. In addition, increased variability in climate scenarios resulted in variations in forest productivity, with a notable decline in the growth of pine forests. The applicability of the BGC-MAN model to the Korean Peninsula was examined at a time when the ecosystem process-based models were becoming increasingly important due to climate change. In this study, the data on the effects of climate change disturbances on forest ecosystems that was analyzed was limited; therefore, future modeling methods should be improved to simulate more precise ecosystem changes across the Korean Peninsula through processbased models.

Reverberation mapping (RM) is an ecient method to investigate the physical sizes of the broad line region (BLR) and dusty torus in an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) mission will provide multi-epoch spectroscopic data at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. These data can be used for RM experiments with bright AGNs. We present results of a feasibility test using SPHEREx data in the SPHEREx deep regions for torus RM measurements. We investigate the physical properties of bright AGNs in the SPHEREx deep eld. Based on this information, we compute the eciency of detecting torus time lags in simulated light curves. We demonstrate that, in combination with complementary optical data with a depth of  20 mag in B􀀀band, lags of  750 days for tori can be measured for more than  200 bright AGNs. If high signal-to-noise ratio photometric data with a depth of  21{22 mag are available, RM measurements are possible for up to  900 objects. When complemented by well-designed early optical observations, SPHEREx can provide a unique dataset for studies of the physical properties of dusty tori in bright AGNs.

Hŏ Nam-ki (1918∼88) is one of the most significant poets of the twentieth-century Korean-Japanese literature. Born in Kup’o, South Kyŏngsang Province, Hŏ Nam-ki crossed the Korea Strait and landed in Japan in 1939. After welcoming liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule at the Tachikawa Airfield’s repair factory in Tokyo, the poet composed “Hands” in 1946 to express the happiness of liberation and “Children, This Is Our School” in 1948. He also portrayed his unwavering spirit as a poet in “Dagger.” In 1959, Hŏ became the visiting chairman of the Union of Korean Writers and Artists in Japan, an organization established during the same year. In 1975, he visited P’yŏngyang for the first time. In works such as Toward the Motherland (1962), “Stories Etched in Stones” (1966), “Naktong River” (1978), and Revering the Sky of My Homeland (1980), the poet portrayed the hopes and lives of the Koreans living in Japan, and sang of his beloved motherland. In addition to poetry, Hŏ also wrote plays and film scripts. To educate his Japanese friends on Korean culture, he translated classical Korean literature such as “The Tale of Ch’unhyang” into Japanese and engaged in activities that were meant to encourage friendly relations between Korea and Japan. Until his death at the age of seventy, Hŏ Nam-ki remained a prolific writer, leaving behind him more than thirty opuses.