South Korea has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. However, summers are extremely hot and humid, which negatively affects industrial animal production. Hanwoo are native cattle that have traditionally been raised in the natural environment of Korea. The present study investigated the effects of birth and lactation season on the birth and weaning weights of Hanwoo calves. Data were collected from 100 local breeding farms between 2016 and 2021. A total of 56,970 (males, 29,530; females, 27,440) Hanwoo calves were classified according to sex or birth and weaning season (March–May, spring; June–August, summer; September– November, fall; and December–February, winter). The birth weight of Hanwoo calves differed according to the birth season. As such, birth weight of the summer-born calves was the lowest. Additionally, the 90-day weaning weight was positively correlated with birth weight. Interestingly, however, the 90-day weaning weight was not related to the birth season but was related to the 2-month seasonal effect during the lactation period. Furthermore, the 90-day weaning weight was the lowest during the summer lactation period. In the beef cattle industry, daily weight gain is an important economic characteristic related to feed efficiency and growth. Our findings will contribute the management of Hanwoo cattle and analysis of changes in economic characteristics due to high temperatures.

Bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells are commonly used to study mammary gland development and mastitis. Lipopolysaccharide is a major bacterial cell membrane component that can induce inflammation. Autophagy is an important regulatory mechanism participating in the elimination of invading pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism underlying bacterial mastitis and mammary cell death following lipopolysaccharide treatment. After 24 h of 50 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide treatment, a significant decrease in the proliferation rate of MAC-T cells was observed. However, no changes were observed upon treatment of MAC-T cells with 10 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide for up to 48 h. Thus, upon lipopolysaccharide treatment, MAC-T cells exhibit dose-dependent effects of growth inhibition at 10 μg/mL and death at 50 μg/mL. Treatment of MAC-T cells with 50 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide also induced the expression of autophagy-related genes ATG3, ATG5, ATG10, ATG12, MAP1LC3B, GABARAP-L2, and BECN1. The autophagy-related LC3A/B protein was also expressed in a dose-dependent manner upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that a high dose of bacterial infection induces mammary epithelial cell death related to autophagy signals.

This study was conducted to compare the reproduction ability of the wild type boar and recombinant human erythropoietin (hEPO) transgenic boar semen. Ejaculated boar semen was analyzed by flow cytometry, Elisa and IVF methods. In experiment 1, flow cytometric analysis showed that the live sperm ratio of transgenic boar sperm significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of wild type boar after incubation at 20, 22, 24 and 26 hr. In experiment 2, the presence and levels of various cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) to related animal reproduction in the seminal and blood plasma were examined using specific enzyme immunoassay. There was no significant difference between both groups. In experiment 3, the fertilizing capacity and developmental ability of both boar sperm were compared. The transgenic boar sperm had a significantly low capacity of penetration, sperm-zona binding, embryo development, and blastocyst formation compared to wild type sperm (P<0.05). These results suggest that transgenic boar sperm harboring hEPO gene has low sperm viability than wild type boar, and it is a reason to decrease of fertility and litter size.

This study was conducted to construct of the transgenic plants wliich are resistant to oxidative stresses including ozone with B. mpestris cytosolic glutathione reductase cDNA using the binary vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The 1.8kb B. campe

This study was conducted to obtain the transgenic Brnssica napus plants with tobacco Apase gene using the binary vector system of Agrobacteriurn fumefociens. The results obtained were summarized as follows: A repressible acid phosphatase gene of Saccharon

레드 클로-버의 액체배양세포로부터 내산성 세포선발에 대한 몇가지 요인들의 영향을 규명하기 위한 실험으로 부터 다음과 같은 결과들을 얻었다. 액체배양세포의 유도에는 auxin원으로 2,4-D 2 mg/l와 cytokinin으로 BAP 0.5 mg/l를 혼합처리한 것이 가장 좋았으며, 여러가지 기본배지중 PC배지가 액체배양세포의 유도에 가장 효과적이었다. 내산성 세포를 선발하기 위하여 EMS를 여러가지 농도에서 4시간 처리했을 때, 가장 효율적인 EMS농도

This study was carried out to compare the major volatile components in essential oil from different origin of Atractylodes spp. which is being traded as a crude herbal drug in Korean herbal markets. From the two Atractylodes of major volatile components were similarly detected such as the β-selinene, β-sesquiphellandrene, germacrene B, 2,7-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene and 9-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro3,2-qcoumarin. Among the volatile components, the major components were 2,7-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene (40.98%), 9-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro 3,2-q coumarin (15.74%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (1.98%) in both Atractylodes. As a results, It was found that the two Atractylodes were the same species which was being traded in the Korean herbal markets as the A. japonica. not to different species of A. japonica and A. macrocephalla, respectively.

This study was carried out to establish an optimum method for identifying the volatile components of Magnolia ovobata Thunb. using the dynamic headspace (Purge & Trap) and simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) method. Between the two different identification analysis, the volatile components were more easily detected in the SDE than the Purge & Trap method. Among the identified volatile components, the 12 compounds were detected to have similar retention times and match quality within the 45 minutes in both identification methods. The maximum values of the major volatile components were detected differently by SDE and (Purge & Trap) method such as α-pinene (3.4, 18.2%), β-pinene (3.5, 10.3%), l-limonene (5.2, 15.4%). These results indicated that the Dynamic Headspace (Purge & Trap) was much more reliable method for identifying the volatile components of Magnolia ovobata Thunb. as compared to the SDE method.