To construct and operate nuclear power plants (NPPs), it is mandatory to submit a radiation environmental impact assessment report in accordance with Article 10 and Article 20 of the Nuclear Safety Act. Additionally, in compliance with Article 136 of the Enforcement Regulations of the same law, KHNP (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power) annually assesses radiation environmental effects and publishes the results for operating NPPs. Furthermore, since the legalization of emission plans submission in 2015, KHNP has been submitting emission plans for individual NPPs, starting with the Shin-Hanul 1 and 2 units in 2018. These emission plans specify the emission quantities that meet the dose criteria specified by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. Before 2002, KHNP used programs developed in the United States, such as GASPAR and LADTAP, for nearby radiation environmental impact assessments. Since then, KHNP has been using K-DOSE60, developed internally. K-DOSE60 incorporates environmental transport analysis models in line with U.S. regulatory guidance Regulatory Guide 1.109 and dose assessment models reflecting ICRP-60 recommendations. K-DOSE60 is a stand-alone program installed on individual user PCs, making it difficult to manage comprehensively when program revisions are needed. Additionally, during the preparation of emission plans and the licensing phase, improvements to KDOSE60’ s dose assessment methodology were identified. Furthermore, in 2022, regulatory guidelines regarding resident dose assessments were revised, leading to additional improvement requirements. Currently, E-DOSE60, being developed by KHNP, is a network-based program allowing for integrated configuration management within the KHNP network. E-DOSE60 is expected to be developed while incorporating the identified improvements from K-DOSE60, in response to emission plan licensing and regulatory guideline revisions. Key improvements include revisions to dose assessment methodologies for H-13 and C-14 following IAEA TRS-472, expansion of dose assessment points, and changes in socio-environmental factors. Furthermore, data such as site meteorological information and releases of radioactive substances in liquid and gaseous forms can be linked through a network, reducing the potential for human errors caused by manual data entry. Ultimately, E-DOSE60 is expected to optimize resident exposure dose assessment and enhance public trust in NPP operation.

According to attached Table 1 of the Enforcement Ordinance of the Nuclear Safety Act, the effective dose limit of transport workers shall not exceed 6 mSv per year. In addition, the enforcement ordinance defines a transport worker as a person who transports radioactive substances outside the radiation management area and does not correspond to a radiation worker. In the nuclear power plants (NPPs), substances in radiation management areas are frequently transported inside or outside the plant. During loading of substances in the radiation management area onto the vehicle, the transport workers (including driver) are located outside the radiation management area. And also the exposure dose of transport workers is managed by using Automatic Dose Reader (ADR). However, the exposure dose of transport workers managed by NPP licensee is limited to the exposure caused by the transport actions required by the plant. This means that radiation exposure caused by the transport of radioactive materials carried out separately by individual transport workers other than the plant requirements cannot be managed. Therefore, even if the NPP licensee manages the transport worker’s dose below 6 mSv, it is difficult to guarantee that the total annual exposure dose, including the transport worker’s individual transport behavior, is less than 6 mSv. Therefore, it would be appropriate to manage the dose of the transport worker by the transport worker’s agency rather than by the NPP licensee.

군락 광합성 모델의 도출을 위하여 생육 챔버가 필요하며, 이를 위한 광합성의 효율적인 측정 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 내부 환경 제어가 가능한 생육 챔버를 이용하여 광도 및 이산화탄소 농도 변수를 갖는 로메인 상추(Lactuca sativa L.)의 군락 광합성 곡선을 도출하는 방법을 확립하는 것이다. 실험에 사용한 상추는 식물공장 모듈에서 재배되었으며, 군락 광합성을 측정하기 위하여 아크릴로 제작된 생육 챔버(1.0x0.8x0.5m)를 이용하였다. 첫 번째로, 다음의 두 방법을 적용하여 측정된 군락 광합성 속도를 통해 각 방법의 시정수를 계산하여 비교하였다. 즉, 1) CO2 농도를 고정(1,000μmol·mol-1) 하고 광도를 변화(340, 270, 200, and 130μmol·m-2·s-1) 시키거나, 2) 광도를 고정(200μmol·m-2·s-1)하고 CO2 농도를 변화(600, 1,000, 1,400, and 1,800μmol·mol-1) 시켰다. 두 번째로, 1)과 2)의 방식을 적용하여 군락 광합성을 측정했을 때, 특정 광도(200μmol·m-2·s-1)와 특정 CO2 농도(1,000μmol·mol-1)에서 측정된 군락 광합성 속도 값을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 CO2 농도를 변화시키는 방식의 시정수는 광도를 변화시키는 방식에 비해 3.2배 큰 값을 나타내었다. 광도를 변화시키며 측정할 때 군락 광합성 속도는 1분 이내에 안정되었고, CO2 농도를 변화시킬 경우에는 6분 이상의 시간이 소요되었다. 따라서 광도를 변화시키는 측정 방식이 생육 챔버를 이용하여 작물의 군락 광합성 속도를 측정할 때 적합한 방식임을 확인하였다.

Interferon tau (IFNT) regulation, an anti-luteolytic factor produced by conceptuses of the ruminant ungulates, is essential for the maintenance of early pregnancy, but a definitive mechanism for its temporal transcription has not been elucidated. We and others have observed the T-box protein eomesodermin (EOMES) exhibited high mRNA expression in the ovine embryonic trophectoderm; thus, both caudal-relatedhomeobox-2 (CDX2) and EOMES coexist during the early stages of conceptus development. Objective of this study was to examine the effect of EOMES on ovine IFNT gene transcription when evaluated with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 transcription factors implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. In this study, quantitatively via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis between ovine trophoblast cells was initially performed, finding that transcription factors CDX2 and ‘EOMES transcription factor mRNAs’ were specific to trophectoderm cells. These mRNAs were also found in days 15, 17, and 21 ovine conceptuses. Furthermore, human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells (trophoblast cell line) were cotransfected with an ovine IFNT (-654bp)-luciferase reporter (-654-oIFNT-Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Cotransfection of the reporter construct with CDX2, ETS2 and AP1 increased transcription of -654-oIFNT-Luc by about 11-fold compared with transfection of the construct alone. When cells were initially transfected with EOMES followed by transfection with CDX2, ETS2 and/or AP1, the expression of -654-oIFNT-Luc was decreased. Also, EOMES factor inhibited the stimulatory activity of CDX2 alone. These results suggest that when conceptuses attach to the uterine epithelium, ovine IFNT gene transcription is down-regulated by an increase of EOMES factor expression in the attached ovine trophoblast cells.

인공광을 이용한 보광은 시설재배에서 작물의 정상적인 생육과 수확량을 유지하고 품질 향상을 위하여 사용되는 실용적인 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 황 플라스마 램프(SP)와 고압 나트륨 램프(HPS)의 보광이 파프리카의 생육 및 수확량에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 생장상에서는 SP 및 HPS를 기본 광원으로, 온실에서는 보광으로 사용하여 작물 생육에 미치는 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 생장상에서는 정식 2 주 후 SP와 HPS 하에서 초장, 엽면적, 줄기 직경, 엽수, 생체중 및 건물중을 매주 측정 하였다. 온실재배에서는 무보광을 대조구로 하였다. 보광은 07:00부터 21:00까지 외부일사 100W·m-2 미만일 때 처리되도록 하였다. 보광 처리 후 3주부터 매주 생육량을 측정하였고, 2주 마다 수확하여 과실수와 과실무게를 측정하였다. 생장상에서는 높은 광합성속도로 인하여 SP가 HPS보다 생육이 양호하였고, 온실에서는 보광처리가 대조구보다 수확량이 유의적으로 높았다. 온실에서의 초장, 마디수, 엽장, 생체중, 건물중은 SP와 HPS 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그러나 수확 시 과실수와 수량은 광합성 증진과 및 과실수의 증가로 인하여 SP에서 많았다. SP는 태양광과 유사한 광 스펙트럼을 보였으나, HPS와 비교하여 높은 PAR과 적색과 원적색 파장의 광양자속의 합이 높았기 때문에 파프리카의 광합성과 수확량을 증가시켰다.

작물의 생산량은 광합성과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 광합성 속도는 다양한 환경 요인에 의해 변화한다. 광합성 속도는 작물의 생육 상태나 생육 속도를 판단하는 지표로 사용되며, 작물 재배 시설을 구축하는 데 고 려해야 하는 중요한 요인이다. 이 연구의 목적은 광도, CO2 농도 및 생육 단계에 의해 변화하는 로메인 상추 의 군락 광합성 속도 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 군락 광합성 속도는 정식 후 5, 10, 15, 20 일차에서 5단계의 CO2 농도(600-2,200μmol·mol-1)와 5단계의 광조건(60-340μmol·m-2·s-1)이 처리된 3개의 밀폐 아크릴 챔버(1.0 × 0.8 × 0.5m) 내에서 측정하였다. 먼저 세 가지 환경 요인을 사용하는 식들을 곱하여 만든 단순곱모델을 구성 하였다. 이와 동시에 생육 시기에 따라 변화하는 광화학 이용효율과 카르복실화 컨덕턴스, 호흡에 의한 이산화탄소 발생 속도를 포함하는 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델을 구성하여 단순곱 모델과 비교하였다. 검증 결과, 단순곱 모델의 R2는 0.923이었으며, 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델의 R2는 0.941을 나타내었다. 따라서 수정 직각쌍곡선 모델 이 광도, CO2 농도, 생육 단계의 3 변수에 따른 군락 광합성 속도를 표현하는 데 더욱 적합한 것으로 판단하 였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 군락 광합성 모델은 식물공장에서 상추 재배를 위해 생육 단계별로 설정해야 할 최 적의 광도와 CO2 농도를 결정하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

We estimated the orbit of the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, through data from actual optical observations using telescopes at the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO) of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Optical Wide field Patrol (OWL) at KASI, and the Chungbuk National University Observatory (CNUO) from August 1, 2014, to January 13, 2015. The astrometric data of the satellite were extracted from the World Coordinate System (WCS) in the obtained images, and geometrically distorted errors were corrected. To handle the optically observed data, corrections were made for the observation time, light-travel time delay, shutter speed delay, and aberration. For final product, the sequential filter within the Orbit Determination Tool Kit (ODTK) was used for orbit estimation based on the results of optical observation. In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted between the precise orbit from the ephemeris of the COMS maintained by the satellite operator and the results of orbit estimation using optical observation. The orbits estimated in simulation agree with those estimated with actual optical observation data. The error in the results using optical observation data decreased with increasing number of observatories. Our results are useful for optimizing observation data for orbit estimation.

To protect and manage the Korean space assets including satellites, it is important to have precise positions and orbit information of each space objects. While Korea currently lacks optical observatories dedicated to satellite tracking, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) is planning to establish an optical observatory for the active generation of space information. However, due to geopolitical reasons, it is difficult to acquire an adequately sufficient number of optical satellite observatories in Korea. Against this backdrop, this study examined the possible locations for such observatories, and performed simulations to determine the differences in precision of optical orbit estimation results in relation to the relative baseline distance between observatories. To simulate more realistic conditions of optical observation, white noise was introduced to generate observation data, which was then used to investigate the effects of baseline distance between optical observatories and the simulated white noise. We generated the optical observations with white noise to simulate the actual observation, estimated the orbits with several combinations of observation data from the observatories of various baseline differences, and compared the estimated orbits to check the improvement of precision. As a result, the effect of the baseline distance in combined optical GEO satellite observation is obvious but small compared to the observation resolution limit of optical GEO observation.

An algorithm to automatically extract coordinate and time information from optical observation data of geostationary orbit satellites (GEO satellites) or geosynchronous orbit satellites (GOS satellites) is developed. The optical wide-field patrol system is capable of automatic observation using a pre-arranged schedule. Therefore, if this type of automatic analysis algorithm is available, daily unmanned monitoring of GEO satellites can be possible. For data acquisition for development, the COMS1 satellite was observed with 1-s exposure time and 1-m interval. The images were grouped and processed in terms of “action”, and each action was composed of six or nine successive images. First, a reference image with the best quality in one action was selected. Next, the rest of the images in the action were geometrically transformed to fit in the horizontal coordinate system (expressed in azimuthal angle and elevation) of the reference image. Then, these images were median-combined to retain only the possible non-moving GEO candidates. By reverting the coordinate transformation of the positions of these GEO satellite candidates, the final coordinates could be calculated.

A new pea cultivar, Cheongmi was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2003. It was selected from a cross YP303 (Frescoloy / Upton) // YP113 (Sparkle/Early Bird) /3/ YP115 (Sparkle / Euiseongjaerae) in 1992. The preliminary,

A new pea variety, “Dacheong”, was developed at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station in 2002. It was selected from the cross Frescoloy/Upton//YP113(Sparkle/Early Bird)/YP115(Sparkle/Euisungjaerae) in 1992. The preliminary, advanced, and r