The world-wide need to reduce the energy used and the greenhouse gases emitted during cement manufacture has led to the pursuit of more eco-efficient materials, such as ground granulated blastfurnace slag(GGBS) and fly ash. Especially, GGBS is a by-product generated during the manufacture of pig ions. GGBS can be divided into water-cooled slag(WS) and air-cooled slag(AS). With comparison of WS, the AS is formed by allowing the molten slag to cool relatively slowly under ambient conditions. This study presents experimental findings on the mechanical and durability performance of cement concrete pavement with replacement of cement by WS and/or AS. In order to produce concrete specimens, total replacement of cement by GGBS(WS+AS) was fixed at 40% by mass. Concrete specimens were regularly monitored for the variation of mechanical properties such as flexural strength, compressive strength and initial surface absorption. In addition, in order to assess durability of concrete pavement with WS and/or AS, the chloride ion penetration resistance and scaling resistance tests were adopted, and the corresponding results were compared to those of plain concrete pavement. The test results indicated that the performance of concrete pavement was significantly dependent on the replacement level of WS by AS. Concrete specimens incorporating 20% replacement level of AS showed a poor mechanical performance, while 5% replacement of AS showed a beneficial effect both mechanical and durability performance. Especially, the 5% AS replacement led to the higher resistance of concrete pavement against frost-salt action. Based on the experimental results, the present study would be helpful to design high-performance cement concrete pavement.

This study was performed to test the cellulose digestibility using the transgenic pigs harboring cellulose degradation gene D (CelD). After delivered offsprings between normal pig and transgenic swine, DNA was isolated from piglets tail for PCR analysis. In first generation, five out of 65 piglets showed CelD positive. Unfortunately, four CelD-positive pigs were died during growing, but one survived pig was used as a transgenic founder to produce F₁ descendents. Among 3 F₁ transgenic pigs produced, one died and the remaining two pigs were used to test the fiber digest efficiency. An assorted feed was composite of 5％ fiber with other ingredients. The feed of 3 kg per day was provided to the pigs including transgenic founders and littermate controls. The manure quantity was measured daily for a month, and all manures were dried for three days to analysis nitrogen, phosphate and fiber concentrations. The fiber digestion efficiencies of the transgenic F₁ pigs showed approximately 10％ higher than those of control pigs. Fiber digestion was not greatly improved in transgenic pigs as it had been expected approximately 30％. Nitrogen concentration of transgenic pig′s manure was slowly decreased compare to the control pigs. Because there were only two transgenic pigs tested, a large number of transgenic pigs may be necessary to obtain more reliable data. Breeding of animals to obtain sufficient transgenic pigs subjected for a further study is on progress. Taken together, this study demonstrated successful production of transgenic pigs with increase of cellulose digestibility in the porcine feed.

The present study were performed to analysis the hematocrit and the red blood cells content into the blood plasma of the transgenic pigs harboring recombinent human erythropoietin gene (rhEPO). Mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) linked to rhEPO gene was microinjected into pronuclei of porcine one-cell zygotes. After delivered of offspring, PCR analyses identified one mWAP-rhEPO transgenic founder offspring(F/sub 0/). The first generation of transgenic pig (F/sub 0/) harboring mWAP-hEPO appeared to be a male, and the second generation (F₁) pigs were made by natural mating of F/sub 0/ with domestic swine, and male and female transgenic pigs (F₁) were identified by PCR. The blood samples from transgenic and normal pigs were collected for 50 days during lactation and were counted the red blood cell (RBC) numbers and Hematocrit (HCT) content into the blood. The transgenic pigs expressing rhEPO in their blood gave rise to higher RBC numbers and HCT contents than control animals. rhEPO was secreted both in the blood and milk of genetically engineered pigs harboring rhEPO gene. Therefore, this study provides a model regarding the production of transgenic pig carrying hEPO transgene for biomedical research.