In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, Logistic 4.0 using data-based technologies such as IoT, Bigdata, and AI is a keystone to logistics intelligence. In particular, the AI technology such as prognostics and health management for the maintenance of logistics facilities is being in the spotlight. In order to ensure the reliability of the facilities, Time-Based Maintenance (TBM) can be performed in every certain period of time, but this causes excessive maintenance costs and has limitations in preventing sudden failures and accidents. On the other hand, the predictive maintenance using AI fault diagnosis model can do not only overcome the limitation of TBM by automatically detecting abnormalities in logistics facilities, but also offer more advantages by predicting future failures and allowing proactive measures to ensure stable and reliable system management. In order to train and predict with AI machine learning model, data needs to be collected, processed, and analyzed. In this study, we have develop a system that utilizes an AI detection model that can detect abnormalities of logistics rotational equipment and diagnose their fault types. In the discussion, we will explain the entire experimental processes : experimental design, data collection procedure, signal processing methods, feature analysis methods, and the model development.

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinator use for horticultural crops in 2016. The use rate and farmnumber of insect pollinators for 26 horticultural crops were 25.8% and 55,208, respectively. The colony number of insectpollinators used in this survey was 479,777, which include 344,690 for honeybees, 119,104 for bumblebees, 2,415 formason bees, 1,317 for flies, and 2,415 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rateof insect pollinators was 59.4% for 11 vegetable crops and the colony number of insect pollinators used for 11 vegetablecrops was 449,287. The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 30,290, which include honeybees(66.3%), bumblebees (20.2%), mason bees (8.0%), flies (1.6%), and the combination (3.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees,and mason bees. Together, farms of 98% showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and most of farms (97.0%)planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators

The bumblebee, Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is a valuable natural resource that is one of the most notably utilized for greenhouse pollination in Korea. In order to understand the nature of genetic relationships, gene flow, and population structure of the species we sequenced a partial COI gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) corresponding to “animal barcode” region and the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) collected from Korean localities. Although the 658-bp long mtDNA sequence provided only six haplotypes with the maximum sequence divergence of 0.61% (4 bp), the ITS sequences provided 84 sequence types with the maximum sequence divergence of 1.02% (21 sites), confirming better applicability of the ITS sequences to the study of intraspecific variation. The complete ITS2 sequences of B. ignitus were shown to be longest among known insects, ranging in size from 2,034 bp ~ 2,052 bp, harboring two duplicated repeats. Overall, a very high per generation migration ratio, a very low level of genetic fixation, and no discernable hierarchical population/ population group were noted to exist among populations of B. ignitus on the basis of both molecules, thus suggesting that the B. ignitus populations on the Korean peninsula are panmictic, which is consistent with our understanding of the dispersal capability of the species

Root knot nematode species, such as Meloidogyne hapla, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica are economically most notorious nematode pests, causing serious damage to the various crops throughout world. In this study, DNA sequence analyses of the D1-D3 expansion segments of the 28S gene in the ribosomal DNA were conducted to characterize genetic variation of the four Meloidogyne species obtained from Korea and United States. PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker and RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) also were used to develop the methods for exact and rapid species identification. In the sequence analysis of the D1-D3 expansion segments, only a few nucleotide sequence variation were detected among M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica, except for M. hapla. The PCR-RFLP analysis that involves amplification of the mitochondrial COII and lrRNA region yielded one distinct amplicon for M. hapla at 500 bp, enabling us to distinguish M. hapla from M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica reproduced by obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. SCAR markers successfully identified the four root knot nematode species tested. We are under development of RAPD primers specific to the three root knot nematodes found in Korea.

본 연구에서는 침지형 MBR 공정에서 인제거를 위해 주입되는 응집제가 분리막의 여과성능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였고, 침지형 MBR에서 분리막 표면의 오염을 방지하기 위해 연속적으로 행하는 폭기가 응집 플록에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MBR공정의 폭기조 슬러지를 채취하여 jar-test를 실시한 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과는 플록 크기와 슬러지 탈수성의 지표로서 비여과저항(SRF, Specific Resistance of Filtration)을 측정하여 비교하였다. 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 10μm 수식 이미지 이하의 플록의 비율이 저감되었으며 탈수성이 증가하였다. 그러나 jar-test 결과와 비교하였을 때, 폭기의 전단력에 의해 그 효과가 저감된 것을 알 수 있었다. 응집제를 주입한 경우 주입하지 않은 경우보다 운전지속시간이 연장되었다 운전지속시간이 응집제 주입량에 비례하여 증가하지는 않았는데, 이는 연속적인 폭기의 전단력으로 인해 10μm 수식 이미지 이하의 입자가 충분히 저감되지 않았기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 또한 응집제 주입량이 과도하면 오히려 여과저항을 증가시키는 결과를 초래하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

뻐ny studìes have shown the anti-proli ferative effects of irondeprivation on cancer cell s‘ but the effects 01' iron-chelators on oral cancer have not been clearly elucidated , To investigate the effects of an iron chelato r, desferrioxamine( 01"O).on the growth of ilIllTIortali zed human o1'al ke ratinocytes(IHOK), primary oraJ cancer cel ls(HN4)‘ metastatic oral cancer cell s(HN12) , and human skin keratìnocytes(HaCaT) in the MTr assay, three-dimensional(3D) raft cul tmes, Western blott ing, cell cycJ e analysis‘ nuclear staining‘ and cytochrome c expression for apoptosis s ig naling pathway were used OFO inhibited the growth of immortalized IHOK and HaCaT and mal ignant HN4 and HN12 keratinocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner according to the MTT assay, The 3D organotypic cu l tu re also revealed that OF'O-treated cells showed less epithelial maturation, less surface keratinizati on‘ and de creased epithelia l thickness, The major mechanìsm of growth inhìbition with the micromolar 0 1"0 treatment was by the induction of apoptosis‘ which was supported by nuclear OAPI staining, ONA fragmentation analysis, and J10w cytometric analysis for sub-Gl phase ar rest and Annexin V-1"ITC stainìng, Furthermore‘ Bax expression in creased together with p53 and p21WAF1!CIPl, whìle the Bcl-2 expression decreased in the immortalized and malig nant keratinocytes treated with 01"0 , Time-dependent cytochrome c from mitochondria was observed in D1"O-treated [l-IOK and 0 1'머 cancel‘ ceJJ s, and was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3 in IHOK cells. These resu lts demonstrate that 0 1"0 has growth inhibitory effects on immortalized and malignant oral keratinocyLes Lhrough the induction of apoptosis and suggest that further evaluation of OFO as a potcntial thcrapcutic agent for human oral precancerous and cancerous lesions is warranted

본 연구의 목적은 도시 하수처리를 위한 막결합형 A2O공정에 관해 실제적인 정보를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 공경 0.25;μm의 평판형 정밀여과막을 공기가 주입되는 호기조에 침지시켜 처리수는 저압으로 여과된다. 인공폐수를 대상으로 최적의 처리수질과 장기운전의 안정성 확보를 위한 내부반송율과 MLSS 농도 등의 최적 운전인자를 산정하고자 하였다. 내부반송은 각각 호기조에서 무산조로 반송한 것을 type 1, 무산조에서 혐기조로 반송한 것을 type 2라고 규정지었다. 플럭스는 15 LMH, type 1을 2Q로 고정하고 실험하였을 때 최적의 운전 조건은 MLSS 농도는 11,000 mg/L, type 2가 IQ로 나타났다. 이때, BOD CODcr, T-N, T-P의 제거율이 각각 97.3%,;94.2%,;64.0%,;63.0%로 타 내부반송율보다 효과적이었다.

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited. Studies in Grammar 17, 15-31. This paper reanalyzes three phonological problems in glide formation and compensatory lengthening in Korean: 1) the obligatory glide formation with no compensatory lengthening in wa˘ <*o-a "come", 2) the lack of glide formation in coa <*coh-a "like, not ψcwa (cf. noa, nwa￣ "put"), and 3) the problematic use of global rules in explaining compensatory lengthening in examples such as na￣myen < *nah-imyen "give birth". These problems have been well known in previous analyses whose attempts to provide reasonable explanations have all failed. In this paper novel solutions to them are offered by making use of etymological reconstruction and preferential conditions on rules and the Principles governing their operation in Theoretical Phonology. In particular, the first problem is solved by reconstructing the underlying form of the verb o- "come" as *wΛ, whose stem vowel elides before vowel initial endings but undergoes contraction with the preceding w to become o: *wΛ-a >wa˘ but *wΛ-ta>ota. For the second and third problems, two new theoretical concepts are introduced to explain the rule ordering paradox and the use of global rules: 1) the principle of rule interruption that partially identical rules are interruptible and 2) the principle of strength conservation that morphological units such as words and syllables maintain a certain inherently constant strength.