많은 웨슬리 학자들은 형 존 웨슬리와 더불어 감리교의 창시자이며, 기독교 시인이자 찬송시저자인 찰스 웨슬리의 문학적 기교 및 문체가 밀턴의 󰡔실낙원󰡕의 영향을 받았다고 주장해 왔다. 󰡔실낙원󰡕의 주석을 달고 복사할 뿐 아니라 1763년 󰡔밀턴의 실낙원의 발췌본󰡕을 발간할 정도로 일생동안 밀턴의 작품을 애송했던 형 존과 달리, 찰스는 밀턴의 작품을 번역하거나 자신의 저널이나 설교문에서 직접 인용하지 않았다. 그러나 찰스는 찬송시 곳곳에서 밀턴이 󰡔실낙원󰡕에서 사용한 단어와 개념을 암시적으로 사용하였다. 󰡔실낙원󰡕에서 쓰인 단어를 선택해 그대로 인용하거나 아니면 조합함으로써 자신이 말하고자 하는 신학적 입장이나 교리를 보다 분명하고 생생하게 제시한 것이다. 본 논문은 밀턴이 󰡔실낙원󰡕에서 쓴 시 구절이나 단어를 사용한 찰스의 찬송시를 분석함으로써 󰡔실낙원󰡕이 찰스의 찬송시에 끼친 문학적 영향에 대해 논해보고자 한다.

노리치의 줄리안의 『계시들』은 영국 최초의 여성작가의 작품임에도 중세 영어의 어려움 때문에 1970년대 말까지 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문은 1978년의 현대영어 번역판 『서구 영성사의 고전』을 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 『계시들』에 대한 연구를 현대영어로 정확하게 해석하기 어려운 중세 영어 단어 ‘homely,’ ‘curteyse’ 분석을 기반으로 줄리안이 계시들을 통해 깨달았던 하나님의 속성을 다룬다. 줄리안은 특히 사랑으로 대변되는 삼위일체인 예수 그리스도의 인성적인 부분을 ‘친구와 같고,’ ‘친밀한’의 뜻을 지닌 ‘homely’와, ‘예의바른,’ ‘친절한’, ‘관대한’의 뜻을 포함하는 ‘curteyse’를 통해 묘사한다. 본 논문은 『계시들』의 중세영어판을 중심으로 가정의 뜻이 있는 ‘homely’와 궁정풍의 특성을 포함하는 ‘curteyse’의 중세적 의미를 분석해 본 후, 나아가 현대에서 감성적 신학의 특성을 지닌 저서로 평가되는 『계시들』에서 여성 저자의 특질 및 위대함을 찾아본다.

FLOWERING TIME CONTROL PROTEIN, FPA gene encode RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain protein and plays important roles in flowering time control in Arabidopsis. Floral transition is significant for reproductive products in all flowering plants. However, little is known about the functions of Medicago autonomous pathway gene. We had cloned the FPA gene on Medicago based on the sequence similarity of Arabidopsis FPA sequence. The RT-qPCR analysis of MtFPA expression patterns showed that the MtFPA transcripts accumulated ubiquitously in roots, leaves, stems, flowers, and pods. When fused to the green fluorescence protein, MtPFA-GFP was localized in the nucleus as speckle pattern of protoplast from Arabidopsis. To examine the function of MtFPA, 35S::MtFPA transgenic plants were generated in Arabidopsis late flowering mutant background, fpa-2. Overexpression of MtFPA specifically caused early flowering under long day conditions compared with non-transgenic plants. In MtFPA transgenic lines, AtFLC expression were down-regulated whereas the floral integrators, AtFT and AtSOC1 were up-regulated as compare with control plant. As these results, MtFPA suggest that is a functional ortholog of the Arabidopsis and may play an important role in the regulation of flowering transition in Medicago.

Legume and rhizobia symbiosis plays an important role in conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. On a global scale, this interaction represents a key entry point for reduced nitrogen into the biosphere, and as a consequence this symbiosis is important in both natural and agricultural systems. Symbiotic development of nodule organ is triggered by chito-oligosaccharide signals (Nod factors) from the bacterium which are perceived by the legume root. Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underlie Nod factor perception is one focus of legume biology. Although forward genetics has proved to be an important tool to identify key players in Nod factor perception, we still know relatively little regarding the functional networks of genes and proteins that connect the earliest steps of Nod factor perception to immediate downstream outcomes. To elucidate genes and proteins that link Nod factor perception to cellular and physiological responses we are taking a discovery-based strategy based on whole transcriptome profiling using RNA-seq analysis in the roots of Medicago truncatula in response to Sinorhizobium meliloti. Functional characterization of a number of candidate genes is currently in progress to further examine their role in nodulation such as generating transgenic plants

Legume and rhizobia symbiosis plays an important role in conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. On a global scale, thin interaction represent a key entry point for reduced nitrogen into the biosphere, and as a consequence this symbiosis in important in both natural and agricultural systems. Symbiotic development of nodule organ in triggered by chito-oligosaccharide signals(Nod factors) from the bacterium which are perceived by the legume root. Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underlie Nod factor perception is one focus of legume biology. Although forward genetics has proved to be an important tool to elucidate key players in Nod factor perception, we still know relatively little regarding the functional networks of genes and proteins that connect the earliest steps of Nod factor perception to immediate downstream outcomes. To identify genes and proteins that link Nod factor perception to cellular and physiological responses we are taking a discovery-based strategy on large-scale transcriptome profiling using RNA sequencing in the roots of Medicago truncatula in response to Sinorhizobium meliloti. Functional characterization of a number of candidate genes is currently in progress to further examine their role in nodulation.