인공야간조명에 유인된 곤충은 대부분 그대로 죽게 되고, 생태계 내에서 1차 또는 2차 소비자의 역할을 하는 곤충의 개체군 감소로 인한 생태계 피해는 매우 심각하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 각 조명의 곤충 유인특성을 알아내고 주변생태에 영향을 덜 미치는 조명을 제안하고자 한다. 조사는 2011년 6월에서 8월에 걸쳐 인공야간조명과 이격된 총 5곳의 산지에서 30W의 백열등, 형광등, 할로겐등, 삼파장등, LED등을 이용한 첫 번째 유인실험을 5회 반복 실시하였고, 50W의 수은등, 나트륨등, 메탈할라이드등을 이용한 두 번째 유인실험을 총 6회 반복 실시하였다. 전등 주변 가로 세로 1m X 1m에서 유인된 곤충을 전량 채집하여 동정 및 종수와 개체수를 계수하였다. 군집분석에는 우점도, 균등도, 풍부도, 다양도를 이용하였으며, 사용된 모든 조명에 대해서는 조도와 UV-A량을 측정하였다. 실험결과 인공조명의 특성에 따른 곤충유인특성을 분석해 보면 첫 번째 실험은 조도는 가장 낮지만 UV-A의 측정값이 가장 큰 형광등에서 가장 많은 수의 곤충이 유인되었으며, 조도는 가장 높지만 UV-A의 측정값이 0인 LED등에서 현저하게 적은 수의 곤충이 유인 되었다. 다양도와 풍부도는 UV-A 그래프와 유사한 형태이고 형광등에서 가장 높고 LED에서 가장 낮았으며, 균등도에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 두 번째 실험에서 수은등이나 메탈할라이드등의 곤충유인율과 다양도, 풍부도, 균등도에는 큰 차이가 없으며, 조도가 가장 높지만 UV-A의 측정값이 현저히 작은 나트륨에서 적은 유인률과 낮은 다양도, 풍부도, 균등도를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 인공야간조명은 생태계에 악영향을 끼치며, 설치해야하는 경우 LED등이나 나트륨등과 같이 동일한 와트(W)내에서 조도는 밝지만 UV-A 방출량이 적은 조명을 제안한다.

인공조명은 인간의 야간활동을 가능하게 해줌과 동시에 생활의 편리함을 주는 역할을 한다. 그러나 과도한 인공조명은 빛공해를 유발시켜 도시·자연생태계 교란과 농작물 수확 감소 등의 생태계 피해가 증가하는 추세이며, 동물의 경우 먹이사슬의 연속성으로 인해 피해가 더 커지고 있다. 특히 생태계에서 1·2차 소비자, 화분 매개체와 해충의 역할을 하는 곤충은 야간 인공조명에 유인이 되는데, 그 결과 인공조명 근처에서 헤어 나오지 못하고 고정효과·장벽효과·진공청소기효과로 인해 천적의 먹이가 되거나 그대로 죽게 된다(Rich & Longcore, 2006). 특히 도로는 생태적 단절을 만드는 대표적 시설물인데, 도로의 가로등이 설치되면 빛공해로 인한 생태적 단절을 더욱 심화시킨다. 빛공해로 인한 생태계 피해에 대한 체계적인 연구는 몇몇 사례에 지나지 않는다(환경부, 2009). 본 연구는 인공조명으로 인해 생태계에 어떠한 영향이 발생하는지 기초자료 및 근거자료를 제공하고자 한다. 특히 곤충류가 자외선에 민감하게 반응하며 유인되는 것으로 알려져 있어, 인공조명의 색깔과 파장에 따라 곤충이 어떻게 유인이 되는지에 대한 야외조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 2011년 6~8월에 걸쳐 경기도 광주시 태화산, 인천시 계양산 및 강원도 인제군 점봉산에서 3회에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 동일한 조건에서 빨간색·초록색·파란색·흰색·근자외선 5가지의 조명을 일렬로 배치시켜 light trap법으로 곤충을 유인시키고 채집을 하여 동정 및 개체수를 세어 군집분석을 하였고, 실험에 쓰인 조명의 밝기와 자외선량을 측정하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 인공조명이 곤충을 유인하는 특성 중 조명의 색깔은 큰 영향을 끼치지 않으며, 자외선 영역의 빛이 많이 나오는 조명일수록 곤충을 더 많이 유인하는 것으로 나타났다.

덕적군도는 인천시 옹진군 서남쪽 약 82km 지점에 있는 덕적도를 비롯한 소야도, 문갑도, 선갑도, 선미도, 백아도, 굴업도, 울도 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 대체로 해안선의 굴곡이 심하고 곳곳에 소만입이 발달해 있다. 도서생물 지리학적으로 섬은 육지와 전혀 다른 혹은 독립된 생태적 특징을 가진다. 도서지역에서는 한정된 공간과 먹이자원의 한계가 있는 특성상, 종의 침입에 대한 저항성이 내륙보다 상대적으로 낮기 때문에 안정화 단계의 종 군집이 유지되지 않고, 여러 종들이 불안정한 군집을 이루며, 정착과 소멸을 반복하는 등의 변화가 심한 구조를 갖는 과정에서 종 다양성이 높게 나타나는 경향(Webb and Vermaat, 1990)이 있다. 본 연구는 덕적군도 도서지역의 곤충상을 파악하여 덕적군도 주변 섬들의 곤충상 비교를 통해, 도서지역의 곤충 다양성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고, 덕적군도의 주요도서인 백아도, 굴업도, 지도 및 선갑도의 곤충상을 판단하여 보다 객관적인 자료를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 조사는 총 4회에 걸쳐 덕적군도 도서를 대상으로 정량조사 및 정성조사를 병행 실시하였다. 조사결과 덕적군도 내의 4개 도서에서 총 11목 71과 272종이 확인되었다. 조사 기간이 여름에만 한해 있던 것을 감안하면 실제 서식종은 더 많을 것으로 판단된다. 법적 보호종은 굴업도에서 멸종위기야생동물II급에 해당하는 애기뿔소똥구리와 왕은점표범나비 2종이 확인되었으며, 백아도에서 멸종위기 야생동물II급에 해당하는 물장군이 확인되어 총 3종이 확인되었다.

Cambodia covers an area of 181,035 sq km, among them, forests cover 53 percent, so there are abundant Insect diversities. Collecting expeditions of Insect were conducted several times from 2009 to 2010 (09. 7.2-7.11, 10.16-22, 12.25-12.30, 10. 4. 30-5.6) in Cambodia sponsored by Natioanl Biological Resources, Korea. Central Cadamon Protected Forest (N 11 41' 13" E 103 26' 31.3"), Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area (N 12° 08' 20.8", E 106 55' 2.7") and Prov. Pursat, Roveang (N 12° 19' 06.5", E 103° 3' 03.8") were main area surveyed by pitfall trap, light trap and sweeping, searching etc. Numerous individuals were collected and more than 150 species belonging to 40 families were founded, among them, there were lots of new and new recorded species. Among Cambodian insects, species of Lepidoptera, Coleoptra and Hymenoptera were preferentially introduced in here. The photos for species of dominant, rare, new and new recorded were provided, and also collecting sites and activities were presented.

The tribe Eucosmini is the second largest tribe of Olethreutinae with more than 1,000 species in over 125 genera, distributed mostly in the Holarctic region, and over half of the known species occur in the Nearctic region (Horak and Brown, 1991b). Enarmonia Hübner, Ancylis Hübner, and its allied genera are tentatively retained in Eucosmini, although they have been treated as the subtribe Enarmoniina (Razowski, 1989) belong to Eucosmini maybe distinguished from other tribes by a combination of the following characters proposed by Kuznetsov and Stekolnikov (1984): 1) one-branched protuberance of the valve; 2) gnathos and uncus very weakened or reduced. In Vietnam, in the period 1977-1978 and 1997-1998, National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP) recorded only seven Tortricidae species. But none of them are Eucosmini. Recently, Kuznetzov (2001) recorded four species in the South Vietnam: Eucosmogastra aeolantha (Meyrick, 1914), Noduliferola pleurogramma (Clarke, 1976), N. atriplaga (Clarke, 1976), N. phaeostropha (Clarke, 1976). Razowski recorded 14 species of 10 genera of Eucosmini (2009). In this study, we are briefly reviewed of tribe Eucosmini in North Vietnam. As the result of this study, totally 19 Eucosmini species of 13 genera are recognized. Of them, 17 species are reported for the first time from Vietnam such as: Coenobiodes acceptana Kuznetzov, 1973; Epiblema foenella (Linnaeus, 1785); Eucosma calligrapha Meyrick, 1912, etc. The materials identification based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2004-2009 in the North Vietnam by Vietnamese and Korean entomologist.

The family Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of moths with around 11,000 species (Watson ＆ Goodger, 1986) in three subfamilies found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species (Scoble. MJ, 1995). The family is characterized in the following characters (Kitching ＆ Rawlins, 1999): hindwing with Sc+R and S fused for about 1/3 length of discal cell, occasionally completely fused, or only fused for 1/4 length of cell; almost always with either fore coxa, patagium, or abdomen orange or red and contrasting with color of dorsal thorax; metathorax with tymbal organs appearing as a striated band on katepisternum. Taxonomic study of the Arctiidae in Cambodia has been done by a few foreign entomologists. In the present study, we were collected three times from Cambodia in three protected forests are Seima, Central Cardamom, and North Cardamom (Pursat). Each times, we were collected from 3 to 5 sites in each forests. As the results of this study, about 70 species of 32 genera belonging to Arctiidae were recorded from Cambodia. The materials examined based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2009-2010 in Cambodia by Cambodian and Korean researcher.

Leaf roller moths Olethreutinae is the second largest subfamily in Tortricidae, comprising worldwide more than 4,300 species (Horak, 2006). Of which, 465 species of 88 genera in South Asia (Diaknoff, 1973). In Vietnam, when studying on fauna of the agricultural pests, National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP) recorded only 4 Tortricidae species (1977-1978), and 3 Tortricidae species (1997- 1998). From 1996 to 2001. Kuznetzov reported two new genera Fibuloides gen. nov., Pammenpsis gen. nov., and 19 species of Olethreutinae. He also has created a list of 208 Tortricidae species in the North Vietnam. Recently, Razowski recorded 33 species, 11 genera (2008), he (2009) also reported 107 species, 61 genera, of which 61 species of 41 genera belong to Olethreutinae in the North Vietnam. Of which, 25 species are described as new to science, 13 species are new to Vietnam. In the present study, we are briefly reviewed of subfamily Olethreutinae in North Vietnam. We recognized 105 species of 51 genera. Of them, 50 species are reported for the first time from North Vietnam such as: Andrioplecta pulverula Meyrick, 1912; Cryptophlebia repletana Walker, 1863; Dactylioglypha tonica (Meyrick, 1909); Lobesia aelopa Meyrick, 1997; Lobesia ambigua Diaknoff, 1954, etc. The materials identification base on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected in North Vietnam from 2004-2009.

Cambodia covers an area of 181,035 sq km among them, forests cover 53 percent. As a tropical monsoon climate, average annual rainfall is about 1,400 mm(about 55 in) on the central plain and increases to as much as 3,800 mm (150 in) in the mountains and along the coast. The average annual temperature is about 27°C (about 80°F). There are many wildlife diversity in Cambodia, but regulated or unregulated logging and mining have diminished the country's wildlife rapidly. This expedition was conducted three times in 2009 (7.2-7.11, 10.16-22, 12.25-12.30). Central Cadamon Protected Forest (N 11° 41' 13" E 103° 26' 31.3") and Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area (N 12° 08' 20.8", E 106° 55' 2.7") were main area surveyed by pitfall trap, light trap and sweeping etc. As the result, totally 611 individuals of 11 families in Coleoptera was collected, among them Gonocephalumspecies of Tenebrionidae was highest number and species in Melonthidae, Chrysomelidae and Dynastidae etc., were collected, specially kind of Hydrophilidae species from wetland was surved in the expedition.

The family Tortricidae, with just over 9000 described species (Brown 2005), is the second largest lineage in the microlepidoptera, and by far the most important economically. In Vietnam, de Joanis is the first entomologist has created the original data of moths. From 1928-1929, he reported 45 families belong to Lepidoptera and focoused on Noctuidae and Pyralidae. After the Vietnam war in the North (1954), many times were collected in the North by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families. Recently, Korean entomologists have researched on the Lepidoptera in Vietnam by Park et al. (2007) reported 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Vietnamese entomologists' reports have represented a diversity of Lepidoptera in National parks of Vietnam, but all of them focused on macrolepidoptera. In 2001, one new genus and 6 new species belong into Tortricidae in the Southern part has reported by Kuznetzov. In 2008 Razowski announced 10 Tortricidae species in Vietnam. The main aims of this study are to survey of any references of family Tortricidae in North Vietnam, and it also is the first data about Tortricidae in Vietnam. The materials identification based on the collection of University of Incheon, which has collected from 2004-2007. In the taxonomic review of the Tortricidae in Northern part of Vietnam, 40 species (16 species of the subfamily Tortricinae and 24 species of the subfamily Olethreutinae) are recognized. All of them are reported for the first time from Vietnam. Taxonomic review for all species is provided with photos of the adults for the species.

In Vietnam, the moths were reported by some foreign entomologist such as de Joannis (1900), Ronkay (1989), Speidel & Kononenko (1998), Park et al. (2006), and Lien et al. (2008). In 1928 -1929 de Joannis created the original data of moths. His final reports on Lepidoptera were 45 families, 611 species of Noctuidae, and 461 species of Pyralidae. After the Vietnam War in North (1954), many times were collected in North Vietnam by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families of which there were 91 species of Noctuidae in the North Vietnam and some other moths known as the insect pests have been reported. In 1977 there were 77 species of Pyralidae known as the insect pests in the North Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to assess diversity of Lepidoptera order and to clarify the fauna in the Northern part of Vietnam, base on the Korea Vietnam collaborative insect-research project (2004-2006). The collecting have been conducted in four National Parks (Tam Dao, Cuc Phuong, Ba Be, and Bach Ma) Given results of the survey in the North of Vietnam from 2002 to 2006, 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Many of the identified species of macro-moths including Noctuidae, Pyraloidae and Lecithoceridae are known as the very newest one in Vietnam.