Regulators conduct inspections and issue non-compliance notice, and it is necessary to examine whether this is equivalent a corrective order. A corrective order imposes binding obligations on a business, and violations of it can result in sanctions such as fines, license revocation, or suspension. Therefore, if it is a corrective order, it must go through procedures such as prior notification under the Administrative Procedure Act. However, so far, no such procedures have been followed when issuing non-compliance notice. There are three possible interpretations of it: 1) the issuance of a non-compliance notice is not a corrective order but a part of an inspection, 2) the issuance of a non-compliance notice is a corrective order but not a disposition, and 3) the process of hearing opinions and prior notification was carried out during the inspection. However, if it is a part of an inspection, it should be issued by KINAC or KINS, which is entrusted with the inspection, but it is issued by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and it is a disposition because it makes specific demands, and the corrective orders themselves have not gone through the procedure of hearing opinions. Therefore, in order for a non-compliance notice to be enforceable unlike a recommendation and to be issued by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission instead of the inspection agency, the law should be amended and the procedure of prior notice and hearing opinions required by the Administrative Procedure Act should be carried out at the issuance stage.

From Fukushima nuclear disaster, as the water which is supplied by rain and groundwater flow into reactor building, contaminated water which contains radioactive nuclides is occurred. Although about 600 tons of contaminated water was generated at the early of accident, as the groundwater management system is developing, about 150 tons of contaminated water is generated now. Tokyo Electric Power Holdings (TEPCO) operate a multi-nuclide removal equipment which is called ‘ALPS’ and store purified water (ALPS treated water) in the Fukushima NPP site by tank. From 2023, the Japanese government decided to dilute the stored ALPS treated water and discharge it into the ocean to secure space on the site. In this study, based on the data opened to the public by TEPCO, the current status of ALPS is investigated. The dilution and discharge process under conceptual design was investigated. In addition, the treatment capacity of ALPS was analyzed based on the radioactivity concentration data of 7 nuclides. And then, two points to be checked found. First, it was confirmed that the performance of ALPS temporarily decreased between 2015 and 2018 due to reduced replacement cycle of filter and absorbent. Second, it was confirmed that the ALPS treated water from specific ALPS still haven’t satisfied the discharge limit for I-129, Sr-90, and Cs-137. In the case of Cs-137, about 1.7 times the radioactivity concentration was detected compared to the discharge limit. For I-129 and Sr-90, about 2.4 times and 2.1 times of radioactivity concentration was detected compared to the discharge limit. From this study, some of the ALPS treated water are confirmed that the radioactivity concentration exceeds the discharge limit, and the treatment capacity of ALPS might be unstable depend on the ALPS operation such as replacement cycle. Therefore, before the discharging of contaminated water on 2023, it is necessary to inspect ALPS if it purifies contaminated water with reliability or not, and to secure the reliable evaluation method to measure radioactivity concentration.

The construction industry is considered to be a fatal accident industry, accounting for 28.5% of the total industrial accidents in 2017, as the number of industrial accidents in the construction industry has steadily increased over the past decade. So it is necessary to consider introducing Resilience Engineering, which is actively applied to risky industries around the world, to drastically reduce construction accidents. Although Resilience Engineering, which has emerged as the next-generation safety management centered on Hollnagel since the 2000s, claims the importance of strengthening Resilience abilities considering organizational structure and culture, most studies focus only on developing evaluation indicators. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of an organization's safety culture on its Resilience abilities in the construction industry. Specifically, it conducted empirical analysis on the impact of safety culture consisting of ‘communication, leadership and safety systems’ on the Resilience abilities(responding ability, monitoring ability, learning ability, anticipating ability), and the mediation relationship between leadership, communication, and safety system. The survey was conducted on construction workers, and an empirical analysis was conducted on the final 154 responses using SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3. The results showed that the safety system had a significant impact on all Resilience Abilities, and communication had a significant impact on the remaining three except for anticipating ability among Resilience Abilities. On the other hand, leadership has been shown to have a significant impact on anticipating ability only. In the verifying of the mediation relationship between leadership, communication and safety systems, it was found that leadership affects all Resilience abilities by means of safety systems, but communication can only affect responding ability. This study has practical significance in that it suggests the need for policy-level efforts to introduce and apply Resilience Engineering and then expanded the effective safety management assessment of the construction industry in the future. Moreover, the academic implications are important in that the study attempted to expand the academic scope for a paradigm shift in the future as the safety culture has identified its impact on the Resilience abilities.

A study on indigenous diatoms was carried out at 10 sites from May 2014 to December 2016 in marine and freshwater in Korea. Seventeen species of diatoms are new to Korea and they are divided into 3 classes, 4 subclasses, 10 orders, 14 families, and 16 genera. The nomenclatures, references, dimensions, specimens examined, local habitat, distribution in Korea, and photograph are reported here. Seventeen species found in marine, freshwater, and brackish water showed species-specific habitats.

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro greenhouse gas mitigation activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract. Seven starter cultures were used, comprising four of lactic acid bacteria and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ten grams of S. baicalensis Georgi powder was diluted in 90 mL autoclaved MRS broth. Each seed culture was inoculated with 3-10% (v/v) S. baicalensis Georgi MRS broth and incubated at 30℃ for 48 h. Among the starter cultures used, only Lactobacillus plantarum EJ43 could withstand the fermentation conditions. This fermentation broth was dried and extracted with ethanol to assess its antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro methane mitigation activities. The extract of S. baicalensis Georgi fermented by L. plantarum EJ43 (SBLp) showed higher antibacterial activity (bigger clear zone) compared to the unfermented S. baicalensis Georgi extract (SB0). SBLp also presented 1.2 folds higher antioxidant activity than SB0. During in vitro rumen fermentation, SBLp showed reduction in methane production compared to SB0 or the control. In conclusion, fermentation by L. plantarum EJ43 may enhance antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis Georgi and decrease enteric methane production.

Doenjang is one of the most favorite traditional food which was produced by the fermentation process of soybean with various microbes such as Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis and so on. The aim of this research is to analyse the antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of doenjang made by 9 different cultivar (Daewonkong, Taekwangkong, Daepungkong, Hwangkeumkong, Saedanbaek, Hanolkong, Pungsannamulkong, Cheongja-3 and Cheongdu-1). Doenjang samples were made by traditional manner using rice straw. Each samples were extracted with 40% methanol and extract were used Among them, cheongja-3‘s doenjang showed a significant highest antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activities because of its anthocyanin. Except for cheongja-3's Doenjang, antioxidant activity had positive correlation with isoflavone content. But no relationship observed between isoflavone content and anti-α-glucosidase activity. The highest anti-α-glucosidase activity was observed in Saedanbaek's Doenjang with highest protein content.

UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGAN (UFO), a novel gene, is involved in controlling flowering initiation and development. In Arabidopsis, UFO is required for floral organ identity in the second and third whorls. However, the mode of expression and function of TaUFO have not been studied yet. The cDNA sequence of TaUFO is comprised of 1344 bp open reading frame which encodes 50.82 KDa polypeptide consisting amino acid residues. F-box protein, the components of TaUFO, plays an important regulatory role in a wide diversity of developmental and physiological responses. In almost all F box proteins, the N terminus of the protein contains the F-box motif, and the rest of the protein contains the protein-protein interaction domains required for target protein binding. In order to elucidate the function of the TaUFO, various phytohormones and abiotic stresses were applied on young seedlings (14 day after germination) and its transcripts were evaluated. TaUFO:GFP fusion construct was transformed into onion epidermal cells by particle bombardment to elucidate the subcellular localization of the TaUFO protein. The function of the F-box protein is to interact with target proteins. With the use of a yeast two-hybrid screen to isolate proteins interacting with the TaUFO (F box protein), we identified potential TaUFO interactive protein in wheat spikelet library.