본 연구는 매토종자를 활용한 소나무림 생태복원 시 적정 매토종자 최소생존가능개체군의 크기를 확인하기 위해 2010년 8월부터 2011년 11월까지 매토종자 발아실험을 실시하였다. 상관관계분석 결과, 면적과 초본 종수가 0.686으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 도서생물지리학의 이론에 따라 최소생존가능개체군에 적용하여 면적과 유의성이 있는 네 변수에 대해 회귀분석을 한 결과 목본 종수, 목본 개체수, 초본 종수 및 초본 개체수 모두 5% 이내에서 유의하며, 회귀함수의 설명력은 58.3%였다. 종수와 개체수간의 정준상관분석 결과 한 개의 함수가 유의하였으며 함수의 설명력은 82.4%이고, 유의수준 1% 이내에서 정준함수의 정준근 모두 유의한 것으로 판단된다. 연구 결과, 소나무림 매토종자 최소생존가능 개체군의 크기는 면적 64m²이상, 종수 21종 이상, 개체수 120개체 이상을 권장하며 초본 종수의 영향에 따라 매토종자군집의 크기가 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 매토종자를 활용한 소나무림 생태복원의 적용 시 초본 종에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate stockpiling methods for revegetation by comparing the germination status of seed banks before and after preservation for 2 years. Soil temperature in stockpiled topsoil was higher in open treatment and at 1.5 m, whereas soil water content was maintained at lower levels (14.06-19.08%), than those in the control group. The seed banks in stockpiled topsoil had 48 species and 1,559 individuals, among which perennials showed the highest number in terms of life forms, whereas Compositae and Gramineae were dominant in terms of families. Based on seed bank type, persistent seed banks had the highest number of species, while transient seed banks had the highest number of individuals. By stockpiling period, the number of species in the seed bank started to increase after 24 months, while the number of individuals began increasing after 12 months and exceeded that of the control group after 24 months. Regarding the treatment of stockpiling methods, the number of species and individuals in open treatment were closer to those of the control group. When analyzed by height, the number of species and individuals were higher at 0 m, but still lower than those of the control group. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA ) showed that the optimal combination was obtained in open treatment and the number of individuals increased with the lengthening of the stockpiling period.

This study analyzed a variation in warmth index and coldness index in South Korea for the past 40 years (1974~2013) and its spatial distribution (2004~2013). To this end, monthly average temperature data in 62 meteorological observation points and 583 meteorological observation points for prevention against disasters in South Korea were used. According to the observed area, the warmth index in general ranged from 56.84(°C·month) to 144.49(°C·month) or so. And an analysis showed that the coldness index ranged from -43.94(°C·month) to 0(°C·month). And overall average warmth index was 104.22(°C·month) and overall average coldness index was -14.42(°C·month). In almost all observation points, these indices tended to increase, and their increase rate was high in an inland urban area in particular. With regard to the spatial distribution, an analysis showed that it was the lowest in the some mountainous areas of Taebaek mountains lying across Gangwon province and around the peak of Mount Halla. And it was high in southwest coastal area including Mokpo, Jeju Island, some areas in the east coast and south coast, and Yeongnam inland regions including Daegu, and so on. It is thought that the above can be utilized as baseline data for explaining the fact such as the productivity of agricultural products, plant phenology, and a change in plant habitat due to climate change.

This study was carried out in each three study areas of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community from March 5th, 2008 to October 15th, 2010 to analyze the relationship between seed bank and the actual vegetation of the lower layer. Based on the relationship between the lower layer of actual vegetation and the germination of seed bank, all of three study areas, the similarity of the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank were high in Plot 1 (84.62%) and Plot 3 (89.91%). As for Quercus mongolica community, the similarity was high between the actual vegetation of the lower layer and seed bank in Plot 4 (82.24%) and Plot 6 (89.47%). Especially, the germination of the pine seed banks in the Pinus densiflora community compared to other tree species appeared in all. In Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica did not appear among the seeds germinated in the seek bank, but the other tree species constituting the under layer of the community. In case of the restoration based on the actual vegetation, it is desirable to sue the lower layer of vegetation as the model for the making of its alternatives for restoration works of the species.