Petroleum energy is the major source of the world energy market, and its massive usage, and the corresponding extreme environmental pollution, imposes a serious threat on the ecological cycles. By screening oil-contaminated soil, we isolated, identified, and characterized a novel strain that represents a considerable diesel-degrading potentiality; the Bacillus aryabhattai DA2 strain is registered in the NCBI with the accession number MG571630, and it possesses an efficient tributyrin-degrading capacity. The optimal condition for diesel degradation by DA2 strain was observed at pH between 7-8 and at the temperature of 30°C. The strain is resistant to salt as well as the antibiotics like ampicillin and streptomycin. These results indicate B. aryabhattai is one of the potential candidates for the remediation of the diesel-contaminated sites.

The petroleum industry is an important part of the world economy. However, the massive exposure of petroleum in nature is a major cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, the microbial mediated biodegradation of petroleum residues is an emerging scientific approach used to resolve these problem. Through the screening of diesel contaminated soil we isolated a rapid phenanthrene and a diesel degrading bacterium identified as Enterobacter cancerogenus DA1 strain through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain was registered in NCBI with an accession number MG270576. The optimal growth condition of the DA1 strain was determined at pH 8 and 35°C, and the highest degradation rate of the diesel was achieved at this condition. At the optimal condition, growth of the strain on the medium containing 0.05% phenanthrene and 0.1% of diesel-fuel was highest at 45 h and 60 h respectively after the incubation period. Biofilm formation was found significantly higher at 35°C as compared to 30°C and 40°C. Likewise, the lipase activity was found significantly higher at 48 h after the incubation compared to 24 h and 72 h. These results suggest that the Enterobacter cancerogenus DA1 could be an efficient candidate, for application through ecofriendly scientific approach, for the biodegradation of petroleum products like diesel.

ZnS powder was synthesized using a relatively facile and convenient glycothermal method at various reaction temperatures. ZnS was successfully synthesized at temperatures as low as 125 oC using zinc acetate and thiourea as raw materials, and diethylene glycol as the solvent. No mineralizers or precipitation processes were used in the fabrication, which suggests that the spherical ZnS powders were directly prepared in the glycothermal method. The phase composition, morphology, and optical properties of the prepared ZnS powders were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, and UV-vis measurements. The prepared ZnS powders had a zinc blende structure and showed average primary particles with diameters of approximately 20~30 nm, calculated from the XRD peak width. All of the powders consisted of aggregated secondary powders with spherical morphology and a size of approximately 0.1~0.5 μm; these powders contained many small primary nanopowders. The as-prepared ZnS exhibited strong photo absorption in the UV region, and a red-shift in the optical absorption spectra due to the improvement in powder size and crystallinity with increasing reaction temperature. The effects of the reaction temperature on the photocatalytic properties of the ZnS powders were investigated. The photocatalytic properties of the assynthesized ZnS powders were evaluated according to the removal degree of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm). It was found that the ZnS powder prepared at above 175 oC exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation, with nearly 95 % of MO decomposed through the mediation of photo-generated hydroxyl radicals after irradiation for 60 min. These results suggest that the ZnS powders could potentially be applicable as photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) contains high levels of dietary fibers and antioxidants, including vitamin C, D, and folates. Onion is also known as a quercetin-rich vegetable with high flavonoid content. Onion peel contains over 20 times more quercetin than onion flesh. The aim of this study was to examine the question of whether onion peel extract supplementation has an effect on maximal exercise performance in rat. Onion peel extracts were extracted with hot water. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were maintained on a pellet diet for one week, and then randomly divided into five groups: Normal control, Positive control (quercetin 20 mg/kg), Onion peel 4 mg/kg, Onion peel 20 mg/kg, and Onion peel 100 mg/kg. Oral administration was performed daily. The experimental period was four weeks. Thereafter, animals were then forced to swim in water and the maximal exercise performance period from the swimming start time to the exhausted time, in which they failed to rise to the surface of the water to breathe within a 7 second period, was measured. After necropsy, weights of gastrocnemius muscles were measured. Lactate dehydrogenase concentration in serum was measured using an enzymatic method, using a commercial kit. The maximal exercise performance period was significantly longer in the onion peel extracts fed groups, compared with the control group. The lactate dehydrogenase concentration of the onion peel extracts fed groups was significantly lower, compared with the control group. Based on these results, we suggest that onion peel water extract supplementation can enhance exercise capacity caused by the mechanism of decreasing lactate dehydrogenase concentration.

The physically based model KINEROS2 was applied to forest road segments for simulating hydrology and sediment production. Data on rainfall amounts, runoff volume, and sediment yields were collected at two small plots in the Yangpyong experimental watershed. The KINEROS2 model can be parameterized to match the volume of surface flow and sediment yields during seven storm events. Model predictions of hydrology were in good agreement with the observed data at two plots in the year 1997 and 1998. A comparison between the observed and predicted sediment yields indicated that the model provided reasonable estimates, although the model tended to under-estimate for some storm events. The overall result shows that the KINEROS2 model properly represents the hydrology and sediment transport processes in the forest road segments.

본 연구에서는 비점오염원 설치신고 대상 개발사업장 중 골프장 개발사업장의 배출특성 및 관리실태를 파악하고, 이를 토대로 골프장 개발사업장의 비점오염 관리방안을 마련하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 비점오염의 정의에 대하여 살펴보고 비점오염을 관리하기 위한 방법으로 발생억제와 배출억제 방안들에 대해 고찰하고 현재 골프장 개발사업장에서 운영되고 있는 비점오염 저감시설의 특징과 이에 대한 문제점을 분석하였다. 골프장 비점오염 관리를 위한 모니터링 방안을 조사한 결과, 골프장 건설전, 건설중, 건설후로 구분하여 모니터링을 실시할 필요가 있으며, 골프장 건설중 모니터링은 유사량과 토양유실에 집중할 필요가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 골프장에서 발생하는 비점오염을 저감하기 위한 방법으로 골프장 건설단계에 따라 대책을 마련하는 방법과 비점오염의 발생원인에 따라 침식억제와 유사운송억제로 구분하여 대책을 마련하는 방법, 오염물질의 저감을 위한 방법에 따라 구조적, 비구조적 대책으로 구분하여 대책을 마련하는 것이 있다. 골프장 건설사업장에서 발생하는 비점오염을 저감하기 위해 체계적인 모니터링을 통해 비점오염의 거동을 분석하고 골프장 건설단계, 발생원인, 비점오염 저감을 위한 방법 등을 고려하여 적절한 비점오염 저감시설을 설치하여 효과적으로 비점오염을 저감하는 대책을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.

본 연구에서는 국내 원전이 위치한 지역의 토양에서 의 축적 경향을 파악하기 위하여 원전이 위치한 영광군 관내의 평지와 고산지대인 금정산, 불갑산 및 영광원전으로부터 원거리에 위치한 내장산 등을 대상으로 토양중 의 화학적인 특성과 고도에 따른 의 축적 경향을 평가하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 일반적으로 국내 토양 중 의 농도는 불검출 의 범위 내에 있으며 본 연구에서 측정한 평지부분과 고산지대인 원전으로부터 2 km 떨어진 금정산, 약 20 hn 떨어진 불갑산 및 원거리에 위치한 내장산에서도 지금까지의 농도 범위에 들었다. 그러나 고산지대는 평지에서와는 다르게 고도가 증가함에 따라 농도도 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있고, 정상 부분이 하부 부분보다 더 높게 나타났고 영광원전 인근 일반평지부분보다는 의 농도는 배 정도 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 연구결과 의 분포는 지형적 요인(고도) 및 토양의 화학적 요인(양이온치환용량)과 상관성이 큰것으로 나타났다. 지형적 요인으로는 주로 고도를 들 수 가 있는데 높은 고도의 산의 경우 대기중 이 토양에 침투되는 기회가 커짐으로 동일한 토질 조건의 평지 토양에 비해 높은 준위를 나타내었다 토양의 화학적 요인으로는 양이온치환용량이 주요 인자임이 규명되었다. 양이온치환용량은 침적된 을 토양에 고정시키는 능력을 나타내며 같은 지형조건에서 높은 양이온치환용량을 가진 시료가 낮은 양이온치환용량을 가진 토양에 비해 농도는 높은 값을 보였다.

U.S. EPA의 BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources)에 통합되어 있는 HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran)와 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 Polecat Creek 유역의 유출과 유사량을 모의하였다. 모형의 보정을 위하여 1996년 9월부터 2000년 6월까지의