Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are known for a few deleterious pest species worldwide, yet the phylogeny of the group has been poorly understood. The goal of researching the Korean Psylloidea is to achieve a total overview of the group. The systematic study relies on three main pillars which are i) the taxonomic review of superfamily Psylloidea in the Korean Peninsula, ii) the correction of taxonomic confusions caused by phenetic plasticity and iii) the molecular phylogeny of Psylloidea to elucidate the higher-level phylogenetic relationships among the families and subfamilies of the superfamily Psylloidea. Discussions of the early diversification and evolution of Psylloidea will be presented together with comments on biogeography and host plant association.

During the last couple of decades, molecular techniques are widespread tools for the species diversity. However, their application to taxonomy provoked intense debates between traditional and molecular taxonomists. To prevent every kind of disagreement, it should be required to a threshold for standarizing the species delimitation. Here, we tested three species delimitation methods (ABGD, PTP and bPTP) and compared their results with morphospecies on the widest DNA barcoding dataset. Moreover, a possible threshold for species determination within the superfamily has been suggested. It is believed that it could be an important criterion in detection for hidden or cryptic species, tracing of variation, and can help in identification on immature stages of pests.

The Hemiptera are a large and diverse order of insects with mouth parts specially modified for piercing and sucking soluble contents in vascular bundles. Many hemipterans (aphids, whiteflies, psyllids, stinkbugs, leafhopper and planthoppers) are important pests of plants, either by direct feeding and as vectors of viral and bacterial plant diseases. Plants can alter their physiology to tolerate insect infestation and vice versa. Here we present research topics, which include the current and future advances in hemipteran-plant interactions that address the systematics, resistance, susceptibility and implications for future forest research.

풍뎅이붙이과에 속하는 2종의 미기록종인 Niponius impressicollis Lewis, 1885 큰두뿔풍뎅이붙이(신칭)와 Gnathoncus nannetensis (Marseul, 1862) 애둥근풍뎅이붙이(신칭)가 한국에서 처음 확인되었다. 각 종들에 대한 형태적 기재와 사진이 제시되었다.

어리방아벌레과에 속하는 Hylis Gozis, 1886 속의 Hylis harmandi (Fleutiaux, 1923)가 한국에서 처음 확인되었다. 이 종에 대한 재기재와 중요한 형질 사진이 제시되었다.

Promalactis established by Meyrick in 1908, is one of the highest species richness genera of the family Oecophoridae. Over 240 described species are mainly distributed from Oriental and Palaearctic regions. They are usually a tiny-sized and exhibit subtle morphological differences which make problems on morphological-based identification. In this study, we performed DNA barcoding study for the Promalactis by using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). From analyzing 155 COI sequences, we observed the usefulness of the COI in species identification with intraspecific genetic variation (range 0.0-2.1%) and interspecific genetic divergence (range 2.8-15.4%).

Here, we provided a lucid key for twelve lepidopteran quarantine pests in South Korea. They were selected based on border quarantine inspection data from 1996 to 2016 in S. Korea. They are belonging to eight families: Carposinidae, Crambidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Oecophoridae, Tineidae, Tortricidae and Geometridae, and also categorized into the three groups: prohibited, regulated and nonquarantine pests. The key includes diagnostic characters from head, thorax, fore- and hind-wings for each species examined.

The tribe Cyllodini is reviewed as 10 species of three genera from Korea, including two new species Pallodes sp. nov. and Cyllodes sp. nov. and one newly recorded species Neopallodes vicinus Grouvelle 1892. A key to species from Korea, comments on external and genital structures, biology, illustrations of structures, including the genitalia of both male and female of the Korean Cyllodini species are provided.

Two new records of subgenus Platysoma Leach, 1817 are identified from Korea: Platysoma (Platysoma) takehikoi Ôhara, 1986 and Platysoma (Platysoma) vagans Lewis, 1884. Herein, we provide a key to species of subgenus Platysoma, with diagnoses and images for newly recorded species.

Cylapine plant bug, Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000 and Peritropis advena Kerzhner, 1972 is reported from Korean peninsula for the first time. Morphological diagnosis for the genus is provided with dorsal habitus, female and male genital structure of Korean Cylapinae species. Also, keys to genera and to species of Korean Cylapinae provided for proper identification.

The family Platygastridae is a large group of parasitoid wasps, generally have a small body size (1-2mm). Platygastidae comprised of 5 subfamilies (Platygastrinae, Sceliotrachelinae, Scelioninae, Teleasinae, and Telenominae). Until know 6,049 species in 265 genera are reported around the world except polar regions and 96 species in 26 genera are reported from Korea. This study contains general information of Platygastrid wasps as a candidate of effective natural enemy, also provide high resolution photography to identify Korean Platygastid wasps at the genus levels.

Correlated evolution of biology and morphology of related organs of insects is an intriguing yet poorly understood topic. Gigantic member of phytophagan, the subfamily Cerambycinae provide us a unique opportunity to understand the topic because they have wide range of host plants, oviposition strategies and various forms of ovipositors. The evolutionary pathway of these traits is totally unknown because no robust internal phylogeny has been studied. Here we construct a multilocus phylogeny of Cerambycinae (134 taxa, 9 gene regions, 5211bp) focusing on wide range of oviposition strategies, host plant and ovipositor length. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses show that shortened ovipositor in Cerambycinae evolved at least four times independently; host plant use evolved from stressed hosts to dead and living host, broad leaved trees to conifer and herbaceus plants. Continuous mapping of ancestral state reconstruction shows extremely shortened ovipositor evolved independently at least four times. The correlated evolution test revealed the only correlation is between the ovipositor length and the oviposition strategy. This study unveiled the complex evolutionary history of ovipositor, oviposition strategy, host plant usage and their correlation within Cerambycinae for the first time.

The Japanese pine bast scale, Matsucoccus matsumurae (Kuwana, 1905), is a destructive pest of pine trees in America, East Asia and Northern Europe. The spread of damage to black pine trees, Pinus thunbergii, of M. matsumurae was reported from all southern, and some eastern and west costal regions in Korea, under the name of M. thunbergianae which was newly described by Miller & Park (1987) as a new species. Historically, M. thunbergianae was synonymized with M. matsumurae by Booth & Gullan (2006), on the basis of molecular sequence data. However, the supporting data for the synonym is unavailable in any DNA database, such as GenBank and BOLD. Moreover, M. thunbergianae have been still used to the resent scientific studies in Korea. Here, we performed morphological and molecular comparison to review the result of Booth & Gullan (2006), using M. matsumurae from Fukuoka, Japan and topotype materials of M. thunbergianae from Goheung, Korea. Our data supported the opinion of Booth & Gullan (2006) following results: The morphological features of adult female and male of M. thunbergianae are identical to those of M. matsumurae. Also, DNA sequences (COI, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) of M. thunbergianae showed identical or very low genetic distances with those of M. matsumurae. From the regional sampling in Korea, M. matsumurae was newly found in Jeju and Seoul.

Pear psyllids belong to the most serious pests of pear. They damage pear trees by excessive removal of phloem sap, by soiling the fruits with honeydew which, in turn, provides a substrate for sooty mold, and by transmission of Candidatus Phytoplasma, the causal agents of the pear decline disease. The morphological similarity, the presence of seasonal dimorphism that affect adult colour, size and wing characters, and uncritical use of species names, led much confusion in the taxonomy of pear psyllid species. As a result, pear psyllids have been frequently misidentified. Here we analysed DNA barcodes of eleven pear psyllid species from eastern Asia, Europe and Iran using four mitochondrial gene fragments. The efficiency of identification was notably high and considerable barcoding gaps were observed in all markers. Our results confirm the synonymies of the seasonal forms. Previous misidentifications are also corrected. There is no evidence for the presence of European pear psyllid species in East Asia.

Hymenoptera is one of four largest orders of insects, with over 150,000 described species, 132 families, 27 superfamilies, and 2 suborders. There are currently about 3,000 hymenopteran species in 65 families and 20 superfamilies known in South Korea, of which the majority of the families have been studied while some of them are still poorly studied. The present overview on South Korean Hymenoptera aims to provide brief taxonomic history of the studies, a complete bibliography, a list of South Korean hymenopteran species, and information on South Korean hymenopterists for each taxon.

The movements of unwanted pests between different continents are being accelerated by the global climate change and ever-increasing international trades, which has also been facilitated by the recent increase of FTA and other trade agreements. Many invasive pests cause serious economic losses and ecological disturbance in invaded rural and natural areas. Since the uncertainty of potential impact of invasive pests, it would be extremely useful if the priority of invasive quarantine pests can be predicted for the efficient surveillance and eradication processes. We are initially analysed national and foreign examples to evaluate the current system of pest prioritization of national quarantine pests. Also here we suggests evaluation platforms for selecting high priority exotic pests.

The subfamily Nitidulinae in Korea is reviewed with a pictorial key to species. In total, 30 species of 18 genera are recognized including three newly recorded genera, each with one species respectively: Nitidula rufipes (Linnaeus, 1767), Stelidota multiguttata Reitter, 1877 and Hebasculinus japonus (Reitter, 1877). Pictorial key to tribes, genera and species with illustrations of habitus are provided.

The orthotyline plant bug genus Ulmica is reported from Korean peninsula for the first time with one new species, Ulmica sp. sp. nov. Morphological diagnosis, the dorsal habitus and genitalia of both sexes are figured for new species. A key to the world Ulmica species is also provided to aid in their identification.

The genus Microrhagus Dejean, 1833 is reviewed with four species from Korea: Microrhagus foveolatus (Fleutiaux, 1923), Microrhagus jejuensis sp. nov., Microrhagus mystagogus (Fleutiaux, 1923), and Microrhagus ramosus Fleutiaux, 1902. Herein, we provide a key to species of Korean Microrhagus, with diagnoses and photographs for each species.

Two species of the genus Coccura Šulc, 1908 from Korea are reviewed. Coccura convexa Borchsenius, 1949 and C. suwakoensis (Kuwana and Toyoda, 1915) were recorded from North Korea by the report of Danzig (1980). Although Kwon et al. (2003) described Coccura comari (Kunow, 1880) from South Korea, we found that this species was misidentification of C. suwakoensis. In this study, we suggest that Coccura comari (Kunow, 1880) is to be excluded from the Korean fauna. The occurrence of C. suwakoensis is also recorded from South Korea for the first time, based on the additional populations which were heavily infested on the Chinese fingetree, Chionanthus retusus Lindley and Paxton. A key to the species of Coccura known from Korea is provided with diagnoses and photographs.