This study investigates the behavior of bentonite, used as a buffer material in deep geological disposal systems, in the context of pore morphology under the influence of field-collected groundwater conditions. The bentonite was processed into block form using cold isostatic press (CIP) and subsequently analyzed for its pore morphology in situ using synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT) within the field-collected groundwater environment. Bentonite buffers play a critical role in deep geological disposal systems by preventing contact between disposal containers and groundwater. Bentonite typically exhibits swelling upon contact with water, forming few layers of water molecules between its structural layers. However, the presence of ions such as K+ and Cl- can lead to a sharp reduction in swelling pressure. Loss of swelling pressure could negatively impact the integrity of future deep geological disposal systems, making its assessment crucial. This study involves processing various types of bentonite, including natural Na-type bentonite, into block forms and subjecting them to exposure in both deionized water and field-collected groundwater conditions. Internal pore morphology changes were measured using Xray CT technology.

하늘소아과 검정삼나무하늘소속의 미기록아속인 호리검정삼나무하늘소아속(신칭)에 속하는 Ropalopus (Pronocerodes) aurantiicollis Plavilstshikov, 1940의 한반도 분포를 처음으로 보고한다. 형태적 기재와 사진, 국내 검정삼나무하늘소속의 검색표를 함께 제공한다.

The genus Rosalia contains three subgenera of which distinctly divided by different body colors and distributional patterns. Eurybatodes is a monotypic subgenus with yellow tegument only found in Yunnan, China. Eurybatus is the most specious subgenus contains 21 species with reddish body color, widely distributed in Oriental region including Taiwan and Ryukyu islands. The blue subgenus Rosalia contains 5 species that distributes West Palaearctic, East Palaeartic, Japan, Oriental and West Nearctic, respectively. Here we present the ongoing research on multi-gene phylogeny and evolutionary studies of the genus Rosalia. This study provides new insight into the internal relationships and the evolutionary history of various traits (e.g. biogeography, colors, elytral patterns) of the genus Rosalia.

Correlated evolution of biology and morphology of related organs of insects is an intriguing yet poorly understood topic. Gigantic member of phytophagan, the subfamily Cerambycinae provide us a unique opportunity to understand the topic because they have wide range of host plants, oviposition strategies and various forms of ovipositors. The evolutionary pathway of these traits is totally unknown because no robust internal phylogeny has been studied. Here we construct a multilocus phylogeny of Cerambycinae (134 taxa, 9 gene regions, 5211bp) focusing on wide range of oviposition strategies, host plant and ovipositor length. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses show that shortened ovipositor in Cerambycinae evolved at least four times independently; host plant use evolved from stressed hosts to dead and living host, broad leaved trees to conifer and herbaceus plants. Continuous mapping of ancestral state reconstruction shows extremely shortened ovipositor evolved independently at least four times. The correlated evolution test revealed the only correlation is between the ovipositor length and the oviposition strategy. This study unveiled the complex evolutionary history of ovipositor, oviposition strategy, host plant usage and their correlation within Cerambycinae for the first time.

Evolutionary relationship between ovipositior and oviposition behaviour in insect is an intriguing yet poorly understood topic. Gigantic member of phytophagan, the subfamily Cerambycinae provide us a unique opportunity to understand the topic because they have diversified but specialized host plants, oviposition strategies and ovipositors. The evolutionary pathway of these traits is totally unknown because no robust internal phylogeny of Cerambycinae has been studied. Here we construct a multi-locus phylogeny of Cerambycinae (134 taxa, 9 gene regions, 5211bp) focusing on wide range of oviposition site, host plant and ovipositor length. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses show some general trends in cerambycine evolution: i) host plant use evolved from stressed broad leaved trees to conifers and herbaceus plants; ii) oviposition site evolved from bark crevice to wood fissure or plant surface; iii) extremely shortened and elongated ovipositor independently evolved at least four times, respectively. Correlated evolution test show that ovipositor length and oviposition strategy evolved with very strong correlation, while any of other two traits did. This study unveils the complex evolutionary history of ovipositor, oviposition site, host plant use and their correlation within Cerambycinae for the first time.

The subgenus Compsidia Mulsant, 1839 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) in Korea is reviewed. Habitus andgenitalia of two species belong to the subgenus are described and illustrated. Larva and pupa of the known species, Saperda(Compsidia) populnea (Linné, 1758) are also described with its biological note.

Larvae and pupae of five species of Monochamus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) are described.andillustrated: Monochamus alternatus (Hope, 1843), Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951, Monochamus saltuarius Gebler,1830, Monochamus subfasciatus (Bates, 1873), Monochamus urussovii (Fischer-Waldheim, 1806). Host plant, feeding habitof larvae and their economic importance are also summarized.

Pictorial key to pupa of the genus Olenecamptus in Korea is provided. This study was carried out with pupa of five species in Korea: Olenecamptus formosanus Pic, 1914, Olenecamptus octopustulatus (Motschulsky, 1860), Olenecamptus clarus Pascoe, 1859, Olenecamptus cretaceus cretaceus Bates, 1873 and Olenecamptus subobliteratus Pic, 1923. The description of life cycle and host-plant of the genus Olenecamptus are also given.

Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia: Chrysomeloidea: Cerambycidae) are the most well known coleopteran family by their species-diversity, ecological importance and morphological attraction. Because of their popularity, the immature stages of longhorn beetle are relatively well-studied. However, hardly any study on immature stage of longhorn beetle has been done in Korea until now. Here we provide first intensive research on immature stage of Korean longhorn beetle. Especially, two basic methods used in immature stage research; classical larva-adult matching by rearing and molecular identification by using DNA barcoding will be presented. This study will provide a robust foundation for further study of immature stage identification, DNA barcoding and phylogeny of cerambycidae.

The Lamiine subgenus Pseudale Schwarzer, 1925 from Korean peninsula is reviewed. Along with the only recorded species Pterolophia (Pseudale) jiriensis Danilevsky, 1996, we found two additional new species based on morphological and genital difference. Descriptions, photographs of habitus and male genitalia of each species and a key to species of Korea are provided herein. Hence, genital variation of 4 different geographical populations of Pterolophia (Pseudale) jiriensis is discussed.

The subfamily Cryptarchinae Thomson, 1859 from Korea is reviewed. This study is the first part of the revision, treating two genera. Here we record Subgenus Glischrochilus Reitter, 1873, genus Pityophagus Shuckard, 1839 for the first time in Korea. Descriptions, photograph of morphological and genital structures and a key to species are provided herein.

The notorious lamiine species Asian Longhorn Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is one of the major invasive pests of street trees, which is an endemic species of Korea and China. By far, the distributional range of Korean A. glabripennis population is restricted to only central to northeastern forest region of South Korea. In this study, we found unreported A. glabripennis populations in 4 different port cities and adjacent cities. These new populations are found in very much urbanic regions; Incheon, western part of Seoul, Busan and Ulsan. These populations can be distinctly differentiated with previously reported populations by massive damage on trees, unusual usage of host plant and spotted elytral pattern. To test their identity, we analyse the genetic patterns of the A. glabripennis populations sampled across South Korea based on three mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I – leucin tRNA – Cytochrome Oxidase II (COI-tRNALeu- COII). Additionally, we used available sequences of COI - tRNALeu - COII of 104 Chinese and 15 Korean individuals from NCBI. Here we show that Korean population is distinctly divided into two major clades, namely native populations and non-native ones, with 0.7% ~ 1.2% of genetic divergence. Hence, the non-native ones can be divided into two subgroups, which we call Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex. We observed that these newly found groups, Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex share perfectly identical COI haplotype within each group. This study strongly suggests that newly found populations are introduced respectively and these populations might be derived from very small number of introduced founders.

A genus Omosita Erichson, 1843 which belongs to the sap beetle, Nitidulidae, is reviewed from Korea. Two species Omosita colon (Linnaeus, 1758) and O. japonica Reitter, 1874 are previously known from Korea, one species O. discoidea (Fabricius, 1775) is first recorded from Korea. A key to species, re-descriptions, biology, illustrations of both male and female of the genus Omosita are provided.