간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립 다수성인 '수원108호'과 조숙 단경인 '밀양4호'를 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘보름1호’의 주 요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘보름1호’는 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 보름 1호는 팔광땅콩에 비해 협당립수, 100립중 등이 높으며 100 립중이 105 g인 대립품종이며, 도복은 비교적 강한 특성을 나 타내며 갈반병, 그물무늬병, 흑반병은 비슷한 정도이다. 보름1 호는 단백질이 29.8%, 기름함량이 49.9%이고 양질지방산중 올레산(54.5%)이 리놀산(28%) 보다 더 높아 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. ‘보름1호’는 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 풋땅콩 수량이 전국평균 10.16 ton/ha로서 ‘팔광’땅콩에 비하 여 8% 증수되었다. ‘보름1호’는 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하 고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기 병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품 종이다(등록번호: 제 4522호).

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 단경 대립 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 대립 고품질인 ‘팔광’과 단경 소분 지 자원인 ‘중국수집종-1’을 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘상안’의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘상안’은 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 단경 소분지성이다. ‘상 안’은 주당 성숙협수는 40개이며 ‘대광’ 땅콩에 비해 협실비 율, 성숙립중비율, 100립중등 양호한 성숙특성을 보이며 100 립중이 96 g인 대립품종이고, 갈반병, 흑반병에 비교적 강하 고 그물무늬병과 흰비단병은 다소 발병이 되고 있으며 도복 도 비교적 강한 특성을 나타낸다. ‘상안’은 단백질이 29.1%, 기름함량이 48.5%이고 지방산은 올레산과 리놀산의 비율이 같은 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘상안’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국평균 4.87 ton로서 대광땅콩에 비하여 15% 증수되었다. ‘상안’은 경장이 짧고 신풍형으로 병해에도 비교적 강한 편이 나 충분한 성숙을 위하여 경기북부와 강원도, 산간 고냉지를 제 외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다(등록번호 제 4717호).

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 직립 대립인 ‘YG60’과 조숙 단경인 ‘YG55’를 인공교배하여 ‘Jaseon’육성하였다. ‘자선’은 신풍초형으로 초기 개화가 많고 잎이 농녹색이며 지상부 생장습성은 직립 소분지성이다. 주당 협수는 35개로서 팔광땅콩에 비해 2개 적으나 풋협중이 무겁고, 상품협비율(93%)이 높고, 100립중이 98 g인 대립품종이다. 생육후기까지 도복에 비교적 강한 특성을 나타내며 흑반병, 그물무늬병, 흰비단병에 비교적 강하다. ‘자선’의 조단백 함량이 26.3%, 조지방 함량이 43.2%이고 양질지방산인 올레산과 리놀산을 78.6% 함유하고 있다. ‘자선’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국평균 풋땅콩수량이 10.21 ton/ha로서 팔광땅콩에 비하여 15% 증수하였고 건조 종실중은 4.37 ton/ha로서 11% 증수하였다. ‘자선’은 대립종이므로 적기에 파종하고, 충분한 성숙을 위하여 성숙기병해 방제에 유의해야 하며 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 단경 대립 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 대립 다수성인 ‘남광’과 ‘U2-12-6’ 의 교잡계통과 단경 품종인 ‘사도노카’를 인공교배하여 육성 한 ‘연풍’의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘연풍’은 버 지니아 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 단경다분지성이다. ‘연풍’은 ‘대광’에 비해 성숙협수, 협실비율, 100협립수, 100립중등 양호한 수량구성요소를 보이며 100립 중이 88 g인 대립품종이고, 도복은 매우 강한 특성을 나타내 며 흑반병, 그물무늬병에 비교적 강하고 낙엽율도 낮아 생육 후기까지 녹엽 유지에 유리하였다. ‘연풍’은 단백질이 31.9%, 기름함량이 49.8%이고 지방산은 올레산과 리놀산의 비율이 같은 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘연풍’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 ‘대광’에 비하여 전국 평균 4.81 ton로서 15% 증수되었다. ‘연풍’은 경장이 짧고 병해에도 강한 편이나 충분한 성숙을 위하여 경기북부와 강원도, 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 단경 박피 다수성인 ‘팔광’과 직립다수성 ‘유데라카’를 인공교배하여 ‘일평’을 육성하였다. ‘일평’은 버지니아 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 단경 다분지성이다. ‘일평’은 ‘대광땅콩’에 비해 성숙협수,협실비율, 100협립수 등 양호한 등숙특성을 보이며 100립중이 85 g인 대립품종이다. ‘일평’의 도복은 매우 강한 특성을나타내며 흑반병, 그물무늬병에 비교적 강하고 낙엽율도 낮아 생육후기까지 녹엽 유지에 유리하였다. ‘일평’은 단백질이27.6%, 기름함량이 49.5%이고 지방산은 올레산과 리놀산이비슷한 비율로 나타났다. ‘일평’을 3년간 지역적응시험 결과‘대광땅콩’에 비하여 전국평균 4.47 ton로서 8% 증수되었다.‘일평’은 경장이 짧고 병해에도 강한 편이나 충분한 성숙을위하여 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이높은 품종이다.

‘대하 1호’는 대립 내재해 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로, 내재해 다수성 ‘장엽콩’을 모본으로 대립 ‘화엄풋콩’을 부본으로 하여 교배한 것을 다시 다수성 ‘수원192호’를 모본으로 1997년도에 인공교배한 SS97214 조합으로 계통육성법으로 선발하였으며 계통명은 ‘밀양164호’이다. 꽃색은 백색이고 잎모양은 난형이며, 종자모양은 구형이고 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색이며 100립중은 25.4 g으로 ‘태광콩’에 비하여 2.5 g 정도 무거운 대립이다. ‘태광콩’보다 성숙기가 늦어 등숙기간이 2일이 길다. 도복에 강하며, 불마름병과 바이러스에 강하고, 내습성과 뿌리썩음병, 종실의 이병립율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하다. ‘태광콩’ 대비 수량성은 생산력검정시험에서 8 %, 지역적응시험에서는 5 % 증수하였으며, 전국 10개소 평균 종실수량은 ha당 2.62톤이다.

‘천상’은 대립 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로, ‘수원190호’를 모본으로 ‘황금콩’을 부본으로 1998년에 인공교배하여, 1999-2000년도에 F1, F2 세대를 양성하고, F3부터 계통 전개하여 선발한 SS98206-41-1-3-1-1 계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양176호’이다. 주요 특성은 유한신육형으로 화색은 백색이고, 엽형은 피침형이며, 모용색은 회색이다. 종자모양은 구형이고, 종피색과 제색은 황색이다. 개화기는 7월 26일로 ‘태광콩’보다 빠르고 성숙기는 3일 늦어 등숙기간이 7일이 더 길다. 경장은 76 cm로서 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하고 도복에 강하며, 100립중은 24.8 g으로 ‘태광콩’에 비하여 2.0 g 정도 무거운 대립이다. 불마름병에 저항성이며 콩모자이크바이러스와 내한발성은 강하였으나, 내습성과 뿌리썩음병에는 약하였으며, 탈립이 되지 않았다. 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 ‘태광콩’보다 높았으며, 불포화지방산 비율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였고 함황아미노산과 총 아미노산의 함량이 높았다. 두부수율은 낮으나 두부의 물성이 높았으며, 메주 가공적성은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였다. 수량성은 생산력검정시험 결과, 10% 증수되었으며, 지역적응시험에서는, 전국 10개소 평균 ha당 2.34톤으로서 대비품종인 ‘태광콩’ 대비 100%이었다.

A new peanut variety “Sangan”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata L.) showed the highest yielding of Korean varieties was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2011. This was developed from the crossing line between cultivar “Palkwang” with high quality and “local collection” with short stem. “Sangan” which is Shinpung plant type has 44cm of main stem length and 10 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with long ellipse shape of brown testa and yield components is composed of 40 mature pods of per plant, 96g of 100-seed weight, 79% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials(RYT). Seed quality showed 48.5% of crude oil and 29.1% of protein content. This variety also showed more resistant to early leaf spot and web blotch, compared with check variety, Daekwang. In the regional yield trials “Sangan” outyielded check variety by 15% with 4.87 MT/ha for kernel.

A new vegetable peanut variety “Jaseon”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2011. It was developed from the cross between the Large grain cultivar “YG60” and the short stem cultivar “YG55”. “Jaseon” which is Shipung plant type has 43cm main stem length and 11 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with brown testa with long-ellipse shaped large kernel and dried 100-seed weight was 105g in the regional yield trials(RYT). The Sucrose and tannin content of fresh peanut are 25.0mg/g and 4.4mg/g, respectively. This variety also showed more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot and lodging, compared with check variety, Palkwang. In the regional yield trials “Jaseon” was outyielded than check variety by 15% with 10.21MT/ha for fresh pod and by 11% with 4.37MT/ha for dried kernel.

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum cultural system of sesame under greenhouse condition with the comparison of open field cultural condition. The relatively higher adaptable varieties under greenhouse condition were white sesame "Pyoungan" and black sesame "Jinki" which showed higher yield potential and disease resistance. To set up standardized cultural system under greenhouse condition, we conducted several experiments of optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time etc. When it came to sow sesame seed soon after early cultivated crops were harvested, the yield potential was higher than those of other sowing dates. Therefore, "June 30th" was optimum sesame sowing date in the greenhouse cultivation system. We also found out the space of 40㎝ between rows and 30cm(a few branch type) or 40cm(many branch type) between plants was better than those of other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering date when 1000 seeds weight and yield potential showed higher than other treatments.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum seedling quality for the sesame transplanting system. To determine optimum seedling quality condition, we conducted several experiments. At the optimum pot selection experiment for the sesame transplanting, plastic pot with 105 holes showed relatively better early growth status of sesame than those of other plastic pots with 72, 128, 164 and 200 holes. And the soil combination, 'Bunong + Plant World' which is mixed 50% respectively showed higher germination rate, lower disease and lodging rate than those of other nursery soils at the determination of optimum nursery soil mixtures. We also conducted one experiment to find out seedling duration for the optimum transplanting seedling quality. According to the result, the seedling stage with about 4 or 5 regular leaves which came to 40 days after sowing showed higher number of capsule per plant and yield potential. Those results will help to develop mechanized sesame seedling transplanting system to reduce labor and increase net income for the sesame cultivation farmers.

This experiment was conducted to select cultivar suitable for peanut sprout from general Korean peanut cultivars developed already. On sprouting peanut, it rapidly increase the content of trans-resveratrol that has effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular in mouse. For this experiment we tested peanut sprout characteristics on 37 cultivars cultivated for 7 days at 26℃ temperature. The characteristics among cultivars showed the variations as follow: The range of 100 grain weight is 56 to 142, hypocotyl length 4.3 cm to 5.8 cm, diameter of hypocotyl 5.0 to 8.0 mm, epicotyl 0.8 cm to 4.6 cm, seedling ratio per seed number 84 % to 100 %, weight per seedling 4.9 g to 8.4 g, the rate of hypocotyl cleavage 0 % to 46 %, the content of trans-resveratrol 22.5 ㎍/g to 88.2 ㎍/g and sprout yield 360 % to 820%. We considered the selecting points as high sprout yield, high seedling rate, high resveratrol content, high low brownish cotyledon, no hypocotyl cleavage, and fat hypocotyl etc. Fortunately, the best cultivar "Jokwang" was selected on these conditions with 7.8 mm diameter, clean cotyledon color, 100 % seedling rate, 0 % hypocotyl cleavage, 63.3 ㎍/g resveratrol, and 820 % sprouting yield. This cultivar may use as new food and nutraceutical material.

This experiment was carried out to clear optimum planting time for yield enlargement by comparing yield with dry matter at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 with 20day intervals and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha (70×20㎝, 2plants per hill) with black vinyl mulching. In R2～R4 stages, crop growth rate(CGR) was largest on June 10 seeding. Although net assimilation rate(NAR) increased as seeding date was delayed, NAR on June 10 seeding was the highest throughout the growth period. Positive relationships were observed between NAR from R2 to R4 the ratio of pod to total dry matter weight. The LAI and total dry matter weight at the R4 stage was higher at earlier seeding date. In the case when seeding date was delayed, the ratio of leaf(source) and pod(sink) increased. From the comparison of all factors such as dry weight, optimum LAI, and of source to sink, the optimum planting date for high seed production was June 10. The highest yield was recorded with on June 10 seeding. Also, this seeding date showed high ratio of seed yield to dry matter in R2 stage. Difference between surveyed pod no. and theological pod no. which was calculated by dry matter ratio compared with standard seeding date(June 10) at R2 stage was the smallest in June 10 seeding.

This experiment was carried out to examine seed quality as affected by enviromental cutivation for the production of high quality domestic soybean variety at Miryang (altitude : 12m) and Muju(altitude : 600m). Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha. Seed weight across regions was lighter as seeding date was delayed. Opposite trends between seed crack and seed weight was obtained. Seed crack decreased as seeding date was delayed and have higher occurrence in Miryang than in Muju. Perple seed and phomopsis decayed seed decreased as seeding date was delayed. There was a significant negative correlation between seed weight and mean temperature from R2 to R4 stages in all variety. Seed weight increased as mean temperature from R2 to R4 stage decreased to 22.0℃, which was greatly manifested on Daewon variety. At maturity time, Daewon variety had an average increase of 1.79g as mean temperature decreased by 1℃. Seed weight of Daewon obtained a significant negative correlation with mean temperature at R4～R6 stage and on rainfall at R4～R6 stage. Mean temperature and rainfall were able to estimate 100 seed weight of Daewon and Daepung variety with 98.1% and 96.6% probability, respectively. Phomopsis occurrence in late maturity type was closely related to rainfall during the R4～R6 stages.

This study was carried out to obtain general agronomic characteristics and identify its relationship with seeding date for high quality soybean seed production. One hundred(100) domestic soybean varieties were used and seeding date were scheduled at April 30 and May 30. This experiment was carried out at YARI, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Maturity Group(MG) was classified by Kweon et al's method (1974). Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationship between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG ,seed crack and growth days in Ⅳ～Ⅴ MG0～Ⅲ,seed crack and days to flowering in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and lodging in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and seed weight in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, purple seed and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ , purple seed and seed weight in MGⅥ～Ⅶ, phomopsis and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, and phomopsis and purple seed in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG0～Ⅲ. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationship between days to flowering and growth days in MG0～Ⅲ and MGⅣ～Ⅴ, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MGⅥ～Ⅶ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties based maturity group. One hundred (100) domestic soybean varieties ( 56 for fermentation, 26 for sprouting, 17 for mixed with rice) were used and seeding date was scheduled at April 30. This experiment carried out at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Classification of maturity group in 100 soybeans was followed by Kweon et al's method (1974) The main difference between this experiment and that of Kweon et al's method (1974) were the planting region and planting date. This experiment was conducted on April 30 at Miryang while Kweon et al. was conducted on May 23 in Seoul. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol, which was represented among 3 varieties, belonged to Group 0, Seonnok and Danmi in GroupⅡ, Shinrok in GroupⅢ, Seonyu, represented by 17 cultivars, in GroupⅣ, Taekwang, having 44 cultivars in GroupⅤ, Daewon, represented by 25 cultivars in GroupⅥ, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in GroupⅦ.