Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered the major cause of mortality in the world. Tremendous animal studies are performed to develop novel therapeutics, and this study aimed to induce porcine myocardial infarction model by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Coronary guidewire was placed in left anterior descending artery (LAD). The balloon angioplasty catheter was inserted at the back of the PET. The balloon catheter was carefully pushed forward, until the balloon marker was located in mid-LAD. Coronary angiography was performed pre- and post-occlusion at 28 days by C-arm. Histologic analysis of heart tissue was performed 28 days after inducing AMI. Thirty three pigs were anesthetized and underwent percutaneous coronary catheterization. All pigs were successfully embolized in mid-LAD by PET. Fifteen pigs died due to ventricular fibrillation during post-anesthetic recovery time, and overall experiment mortality was 45.5%. In 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, gross finding of the ischemic heart lesion showed firm and white area of infarction associated with the apex and left ventricular posterior wall. Infarct on H&E-stained sections demonstrated a region without myocytes and rich with cardiomyocyte with atypical nuclei. Successful induction of AMI by using PET may provide the pathophysiological information of ischemic heart disease and improvement of therapy development for AMI.

땅갈이는 농사의 태동기부터 터득되고 실천되는 최초의 농작업 이었다. 동양의 고전들에서도 가장 중요하고 필연적인 농사 기술로 취급되어 왔다. 땅과 하늘의 기운을 소통시키는 성스런 농삿일이기도 하였다. 그러나 땅갈이는 수많은 노동력을 요하는 과정이면서도 그 효과는 방법과 시기, 또는 작물이나 토양에 따라 천차만별로 다르게 나타나는 것이었다. 우리나라의 고대 농서들에 의하면 밭갈이의 실제를 효과에 따라 가급적 가볍게 하려는 쪽으로 검토 · 발전되었다. 그 일환으로 콩과 같은 작물을 밭갈이를 가볍게 하거나 앞 작물의 그루터기에 의존하는 정도로 하고 무경운에 가깝도록 하여도 좋다는 결론에 이르렀다. 이에 더하여 밭갈이는 기존의 잡초를 갈아엎고 파종을 하기 위한 작업 이상의 의미가 없음이 밝혀지게되었다. 또한 제초는 제초제로 쉽게 해결할 수 있는 기술이확립되면서 옥수수나 콩과 같은 작물의 경우, 최소경운이나 무경운 재배법이 체계화되기에 이르게 되었다. 이와 같은 논리는 필자의 무경운재배에 관한 시험연구로도 확증이 되었다. 고대의 밭갈이 농사기술은 이런 경과를 거쳐서 노력의 최소화가능성을 획득하기에 이르렀다.

본 연구는 고농서 농법 중 부추를 황아재배하여 생장량과 무기물, 아미노산, 유리당 및 항산화 등을 조사하여 앞으로의 재배방법에 활용가능여부를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 15oC의 암상태(황아재배)와 광상태(관행재배)의 조건하에서 부추 뿌리 파종 후 초장, 지상부 생체중 및 재생장율을 조사하였다. 1. 부추 황아재배는 관행재배에 비해 초장 및 지상부 생체중이 높았을 뿐만 아니라 1, 2차 재생장한 지상부 생체중도 황아재배가 관행재배 보다 약 2배 많았다. 2. 일반적으로 황아재배 부추는 Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Mn 등의 함량이 관행재배 비해 적었으나 Na 함량은 많았다. 그러나 광 및 암조건하에서 생장한 부추의 Cu, Zn 함량 차이는 없었다. 3. 황아재배에 의해 생장한 부추의 구성아미노산 aspartic acid, serine, proline, glycine, alanine, methionine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine은 관행재배에서 생장한 부추에 비해 유의적으로 많았다. 그러나 valine과 phenylalanine은 관행재배에서 생장한 부추에서 많았다. 4. 구성아미노산 전체 함량에서도 황아재배에서 관행재배 보다 1.7배 많았고, 필수아미노산 종류의 전체 함량도 다소 많았다. 일부 유리아미노산의 함량은 관행재배가 황아재배에 비해 많으나 전체 유리아미노산 함량은 황아재배에서 많았다. 구성과 유리아미노산 전체함량에서도 황아재배에서 생장한 부추가 관행재배에서 생장한 부추에 비해 약 1.6배 많았다. 유리당의 경우 fructose와 maltose는 황아재배와 관행재배에서는 차이가 없으나 glucose와 sucrose 함량은 황아재배에서 생장한 부추에 서 관행재배에서 생장한 부추에 비해 유의적으로 많았다. 5. 부추 재배방법별 DPPH 소거효과는 암상태에서 재배한 부추에 비해 광상태에서 재배한 부추에서 약 1.8∼4.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this research was to find the most appropriate process for making yacon leaf tea. We applied both green tea and black tea brewing and fermenting methods for producing yacon leaf tea. This research included consumer test and descriptive analysis of professional trained panel on yacon tea tastes and flavors. Both consumer test and descriptive evaluation preferred yacon tea produced by black tea brewing and fermenting methods because it tasted less bitter and had a sweet, delicate taste. According to orthogonal transformation resulting from varimax rotation, first principal component was positively affected by black tea brewing and fermenting methods, while it was negatively affected by green tea brewing and fermenting methods. As a result, the study concluded black tea brewing and fermenting methods were appropriate for producing yacon leaf tea.

In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects by Alopecurus aequalis Sobol on thelipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cell line. Consistent with these observations,DS reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) atthe protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andinterleukin-6 (IL-6) were also reduced by DS. Moreover, LPS increased expression phosphorylation of IκBα, but DS showedinhibitory effect by reducing LPS-inducible p-IκBα expression level. These results suggest that the down regulation of iNOS,COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression by DS are achieved by the downregulation of NF-κB activity, a transcription factornecessary for pro-inflammatory mediators, and that is also responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.

Characteristics related to grain quality and starch viscosity were investigated in three independent japonica transgenicrice lines expressing a Protox gene from Bacillus subtilis and compared to the control. In this study, we found that there were nosigni

Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), the last shared enzyme of the porphyrin pathway in the expressed cytoplasm or the plastids, were compared with non-trangenic rice plants in their growth characteristics such as tiller number, plant height, biomass, and yield. Transgenic rice plants of ~textrmT3 generation had 8 to 15 % and 25 to 43% increases in tiller number compared to non-transgenic rice plants at 4 and 8 weeks after transplanting(WAT); similar values were observed for ~textrmT4 generation at 4 and 8 WAT. However, the plant height in both ~textrmT3 and ~textrmT4 generations was similar between transgenic rice plants and non-transgenic rice plants at 4 and 8 WAT. Transgenic rice plants had 13 to 32% increase in above-ground biomass and 9 to 28% increase in grain yield compared to non-transgenic rice plants, demonstrating that biomass and yield correlate with each other. The increased grain yield of the transgenic rice plants was closely associated with the increased panicle number per plant. The percent of filled grain, thousand grains and spikelet number per panicle were similar between transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants. Generally, the growth and yield of transgenic generations (~textrmT2 , ~textrmT3 , and ~textrmT4 ) and gene expressing sites (cytoplasm-expressed and plastid-targeted transgenic rice plants) were similar, although they slightly varied with generations as well as with gene expressing sites. The transgenic rice plants had promotive effects, indicating that regulation of the porphyrin pathway by expression of B. subtilis Protox in rice influences plant growth and yield.

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most troublesome resistant weeds in Korean rice culture. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of M. vaginalis resistant to sulfonylurea(SU) herbicides and to determine alternative herbicides for the control of resistant M. vaginalis in direct seeded and transplanted rice culture in Korea. In greenhouse studies, the resistant biotype was 31-, 38-, 3172-, and 7-fold more resistant to ben-sulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype, indicating cross-resistance to the SU herbicides used in this study. Non-SU herbicides, butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, mefenacet, pretilachlor, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb, several SU herbicide-based mixtures, ethoxysulfuron plus fentrazamide, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus pyrazolate plus simetryn, and non-SU herbicide-based mixtures, pyrazolate plus butachlor, pyrazolate plus pretilachlor, simetryn plus molinate, carfentrazone-ethyl plus butachlor, and carfentrazone-ethyl plus thiobencarb can be used to control both the resistant and susceptible biotypes of M. vaginalis when applied before the second leaf stage. In the field experiment, the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis that survived from the paddy fields treated with a SU herbicide-based mixture could effectively be controlled by using mixtures of bentazone plus MCPA, bentazone plus mecoprop-P, and bentazone plus 2,4-D when applied at 2 or 4 main leaves. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant M. vaginalis had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, bentazone plus MCPA and bentazone plus mecoprop-P were effective control measures after failure to control resistant M. vaginalis in Korean rice culture.

In order to examine the mechanistic basis for differential sensitivities to chilling and subsequent recovery between two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cutivars, a chilling-tolerant japonica type (Ilpumbyeo) and a chilling-susceptible indica type (Taebaekbyeo), changes of physiological responses and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Both cultivars at 3 leaf stage were exposed at a low temperature of 5~circC for 3 days and subsequently recovered in a growth chamber at a 25~circC for 5 days with 250 mmol m-2 s-1 . Physiological parameters such as leaf fresh weight, relative water content, cellular leakage, lipid peroxidation, and chlorophyll a fluorescence showed that the chilling tolerant cultivar had a high tolerance during chilling. However, the chilling-susceptible cultivar revealed severe chilling damages. The chilling-tolerant cultivar was also faster in recovery than the chilling-susceptible cultivar in all parameters examined. We analyzed the activity and isozyme profiles of four antioxidant enzymes which are: superoxide dismutase (SOD), caltalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutation reductase (GR). We observed that chilling-tolerance was due to a result of the induced or higher antioxidant enzyme system, CAT and APX in leaves and SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in roots. Especially, we observed the most significant differences between the chilling-tolerant cultivar and -susceptible cultivar in CAT and APX activity. Also in isozyme profiles, CAT and APX band intensity in the chilling-tolerant cultivar was distinctively higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling and recovery. Thus, the cold stability of CAT and APX are expected to contribute to a tolerance mechanism of chilling in rice plants. In addition, the antioxidative enzymes activity in roots may be more important than in that of leaves to protect chilling damage on rice plants.

A Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia accession from Jeonnam province, Korea was tested for resistance to sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in whole-plant response bioassay. The accession was confirmed resistant to both herbicides. The GR50 (herbicide concentration that reduced shoot dry weight by 50%) values of resistant accession were 264 and 19 times higher to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuronethyl, respectively, than that of the standard susceptible accession. The surviving resistant L. dubia after pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application can be controlled by sequential applications of soil-applied herbicides, butachlor, dithiopyr, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb and foliar herbicides, bentazon. Sulfonylurea-based mixtures such as mixtures of azimsulfuron + anilofos, bensulfuron-methyl + oxadiazon, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + fentrazamide, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + anilofos + carfentrazon can also be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia. However, use of these mixtures should be restricted to a special need basis. Thus, we suggest that sequential applications of non-SU-based mixtures such as butachlor + pyrazolate and MCPB + molinate + simetryne be used to control the surviving resistant L. dubia after SU herbicide applications. Rice yield was reduced 24 % by resistant L. dubia that survived after the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + molinate application compared with pyrazolate + butachlor in transplanted rice culture. In vitro ALS activity of the resistant biotype was 40 and 30 times more resistant to imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype. Result of in vitro ALS assay that the resistance mechanism of L. dubia to SU herbicides may be due, in part, to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS.

Korean sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas, varieties were examined for the cross-compatibility and -incompatibility through inter-crosses among them to obtain the fundamental genetic informations for enhancing the heterosis breeding efficiency. The pollen germi