목 적 : 침습성 눈물막파괴시간(TBUT, invasive tear break-up time)과 비침습성 눈물막파괴시간 (NIBUT, noninvasive tear break-up time) 검사법의 정확도를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 안질환이 없으며 굴절교정수술을 받지 않은 20대 대학생 56명(112안)을 대상으로 TBUT는 Fluorescein strip을 사용하여 측정하였고, NIBUT는 Keratograph 5M(K5M), Wavefront Analyzer (KR-1W), Auto refractor keratometer(KR-8100P)을 사용하여 측정하였다. 건성안 감별(screening) 기준 은 OSDI(ocular surface disease index) 설문지를 사용하였다. 각 측정값의 일치도 분석은 Bland & Altman Plot을 사용하여 확인하였고, 검사값의 정확도는 ROC(receiver operating characteristic) curve를 이용하여 민감도(sensitivity) 및 특이도(specificity), AUC(area under the curve), cut-off 값을 비교하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : TBUT는 NIBUT보다 유의하게 짧았고(p<0.05), KR-1W, KR-8100P, K5M으로 측정한 NIBUT 값들은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다(F=2.69, p=0.06). NIBUT 검사값은 서로 중등도의 상관성을 보였지만 (r=0.36,0.44,0.35), TBUT는 K5M로 측정한 NIBUT와 상관성이 있었다. 검사법 상호간의 일치도 분석에서 TBUT와 NIBUT는 차이가 있었고, NIBUT 값들은 상호간 차이가 없었다. 건성안 유무 감별에 대한 민감도와 특이도는 각각 TBUT 검사법에서 25%, 80%, KR-1W 검사법에서 50%, 69%, KR-8100P 검사법에서 86%, 34%, K5M 검사법에서 31%, 82%로, 민감도는 KR-8100P 검사법이 가장 높았고, 특이도는 K5M 검사법이 가장 높았다. 결 론 : NIBUT 검사법은 TBUT 검사법보다 정확도가 높고, 검사법 상호간의 일치도가 우수하며, 건성안 감별에 KR-8100P 측정값이 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Calcium exerts antiproliferative effects on cellular targets through the promotion of differentiation and apoptosis. We investigated the influence of calcium on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACFs), which were induced by exposure to azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), in ICR mice. Six-week-old ICR mice received 3 (weeks 0–2) intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10 mg/kg BW), followed by treatment with 2% DSS via drinking water for a week to induce preneoplastic lesions. The mice were then divided into 3 groups: the control (AOM/DSS), AOM/DSS + 1.0% Ca, and AOM/DSS + 2.0% Ca groups. Calcium (1.0 or 2.0%) was administered via drinking water for 12 weeks. After sacrificing the mice, the total numbers of aberrant crypts (ACs) and ACFs were measured in the colonic mucosa after methylene blue staining. The control group displayed 11.58 ± 2.43 ACFs/colon, which were composed of a total of 30.42 ± 5.18 ACs/colon. The number of ACFs with more than 3 ACs, which are likely to progress to colon cancer, was 2.37 ± 0.68. Compared to the control, 1.0% or 2.0% calcium treatment significantly decreased the number of total ACFs and ACs in a concentration-dependent manner. The decrease in ACFs or ACs after calcium treatment was associated with decreases in cell proliferation and β-catenin expression and an increase in apoptosis in colonic mucosal cells. These results suggest that calcium may exert a protective effect against colon cancer by inhibiting the development of ACFs/ACs in ICR mice.

세척방법 차이에 따른 신선편이 슬라이스 더덕의 저장 중 품질 변화를 알아보기 위하여 10℃에서 저장 실험을 진행하였다. 저장 10일 후에 무세척구와 손세척은 전체의 80.3% 더덕이 부패되어 상품성을 상실하였을 뿐만 아니라 조직감의 연화도 급격히 진행되어 측정이 불가능하였다. 그러나 버블세척구들은 20.4∼30.1%의 중량 손실만을 보 였으며, 특히 마이크로버블세척구는 저장초기에 비하여 11.1%정도의 조직감만 감소하여 저장 중 변화가 가장 적었 다. 슬라이스 더덕의 표면색도 갈변화를 최소화시키며 저 장 중 색을 유지하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 저장 중 수분함량의 변화는 모든 처리구에서 감소하였는데, 특 히 무세척구와 손세척은 각각 74.6, 78.3%로 수분함량이 크게 감소하였다. 저장 중 미생물의 수도 마이크로버블세 척, 일반버블세척, 손세척, 무세척구 순으로 증식하는 것으 로 나타났다. 관능검사와 video microscope system을 이용하 여서도 마이크로버블 세척구는 이물질이 발견되지 않았음 을 알 수 있었으며, 다른 처리구들보다 세척효과도 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 마이크로버블세척을 하여 슬라이스 더덕을 저장하는 것이 품질유지에 가장 적합하였 으며, 저장수명도 10일(10℃ 저장시)로 가장 길게 나타났다.

In this study, the changes that occurred in the quality of minimally processed sliced Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) in relation to the packing method during storage at 7℃were investigated. The storage tests were conducted for seven days using PE sealing, but PP sealing and vacuum packaging preserved the Deodeok for 14 days. On the seventh day, the vinyl-packaged Deodeok showed a remarkable fall in quality with 4.5 °Brix, but the PP-sealed and vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed slight falls with 6.4 and 6.8 °Brix, respectively. The PE- and PP-sealed Deodeok did not show significant differences in texture and moisture content for two days, and the moisture content was highest in the vacuum-packaged Deodeok during storage. In relation to the total viable cell and the coliform count, the vacuum-packaged Deodeok showed the lowest rate of increment during storage, followed by the others. Thus, the bubble-washed and vacuum-packaged minimally processed sliced Deodeok was found to have the best quality.

Due to the limited pendulum motion range, the conventional one-pendulum driven spherical robot has limited driving capability. Especially it can not drive parallel direction with center horizontal axis to which pendulum is attached from stationary state. To overcome the limited driving capability of one-pendulum driven spherical robot, we introduce a spherical robot, called KisBot II, with a new type of curved two-pendulum driving mechanism. A cross-shape frame of the robot is located horizontally in the center of the robot. The main axis of the frame is connected to the outer shell, and each curved pendulum is connected to the end of the other axis of the frame respectively. The main axis and pendulums can rotate 360 degrees inside the sphere orthogonally without interfering with each other, also the two pendulums can rotate identically or independent of each other. Due to this driving mechanism, KisBot II has various motion generation abilities, including a fast steering, turning capability in place and during travelling, and four directions including forward, backward, left, and right from stationary status. Experiments for several motions verify the driving efficiency of the proposed spherical robot.